《计算机专业英语》是计算机专业英语教材。全书分为8个部分,21个单元,涵盖了计算机基础知识、软硬件结构体系、网络技术、计算机安全、计算机应用、搜索引擎以及计算机英文文档等方面的专业知识。每一单元均有难点注释、关键术语的定义、习题以及计算机英语的翻译和写作技巧,有利于读者对课文的理解和掌握,提高对计算机专业英语的阅读和理解能力。
《计算机专业英语》内容丰富、选材新颖、面向应用,以提高学生对计算机英语的阅读及理解能力、掌握计算机专业英语的翻译技巧和写作方法为目标,难易适巾,通俗易懂,实用性强,适合作为高职高专院校计算机专业计算机英语课程的教材,也可供计算机相关专业技术人员学习和参考。
计算机技术是当今发展最快的技术之一,计算机的使用已经非常普及了。大多数软件的帮助文档是英文的,屏幕上看到的也都是英文提示和说明,已经渗透到各行各业、学习生活的Intemet上的信息大多数用英文表示。无论是学习计算机科学与技术,还是使用计算机软硬件产品,都离不开对计算机英语的熟练掌握。因此,每个从事计算机科学与技术的学习、教学、科研、工程技术及经营管理的人员都必须具备良好的英语能力,达到一定的计算机专业英语水平,才能跟上计算机技术的飞速发展。
本书面向计算机应用及相关专业,强调与计算机专业课程的协调性。在教材编写上,本书没有过分强调抽象的语法和晦涩的术语,而是更多地关注计算机应用以及对社会和生活的影响。在选材上,除了计算机基础知识、软硬件结构体系,本书还涵盖了网络技术、计算机安全、计算机应用、搜索引擎以及计算机英文文档等方面的专业知识。
本书共有21个单元(Unit),分为8个部分。第1部分是第1单元,介绍计算机基础知识;第2部分是第2~4单元,介绍计算机硬件的基本知识,主要包括计算机硬件组成、中央处理器、计算机外围设备;第3部分是第5~7单元,介绍计算机软件的基础知识,主要包括计算机软件基础、计算机操作系统、计算机应用软件;第4部分是第8~10单元,介绍计算机网络知识,主要包括计算机网络技术、Intemet、Intemet 2;第5部分是第ll~13单元,介绍计算机安全知识,主要包括计算机病毒、防火墙工作原理、计算机加密;第6部分是第14~16单元,介绍计算机应用方面的知识,主要包括数据库应用、多媒体技术、电子商务的应用;第7部分是第17~19单元,介绍网络搜索引擎技术,主要包括网络搜索引擎技术原理、关于Microsoft.com的搜索、搜索引擎的类型;第8部分是第20~21单元,主要包括计算机文档和Windows帮助文档。每一单元后面均有难点注释、关键术语的定义、习题以及阅读材料和计算机英语相关知识介绍,有利于读者对课文的理解和掌握,提高对计算机专业英语的阅读和理解能力。
本书由陈嘉、周月红、李敏任主编,孟大伟、苏福振、张红娟任副主编,郭晓燕、王飞、王晓玲等编著,参加编写的作者还有江天仿、何俨、朱晓波、郭璐青、贾燕玲、李晓娟、魏蔚、张建华、姜超、范辉、彭春艳。全书由陈嘉、周月红统稿,刘瑞新主审。
本书可作为高职高专院校计算机专业的计算机英语课程的教材,也可作为自学人员和网站开发人员的技术参考书。
由于编者水平有限,书中错误与疏漏之处在所难免,敬请读者批评指正。
出版说明
前言
Unit 1 Introduction to Computers 1
Part I Text 1
Part II Exercises 6
Part III Reading Material 7
Part IV Reading Skills I 13
Unit 2 Fundamentals of Computer Hardware 15
Part I Text 15
Part II Exercises 18
Part III Reading Material 19
Part IV Reading Skills II 25
Unit 3 Central Processing Unit 28
Part I Text 28
Part II Exercises 32
Part III Reading Material 33
Part IV Reading Skills III 39
Unit 4 Computer Peripherals 43
Part I Text 43
Part II Exercises 47
Part III Reading Material 48
Part IV Reading Skills IV 53
Unit 5 Fundamentals of Computer Software 62
Part I Text 62
Part II Exercises 66
Part III Reading Material 66
Part IV Reading Skills V 68
Unit 6 System Software 73
Part I Text 73
Part II Exercises 80
Part III Reading Material 81
Part IV Reading Skills VI 85
Unit 7 Application Software 89
Part I Text 89
Part II Exercises 92
Part III Reading Material 94
Part IV Reading Skills VII 99
Unit 8 Computer Network Knowledge 101
Part I Text 101
Part II Exercises 105
Part III Reading Material 106
Part IV Reading Skills Ⅷ 108
Unit 9 The Internet 112
Part I Text 112
Part II Exercises 115
Part III Reading Material 117
Part IV Word Building I 119
Unit 10 Internet 2 123
Part I Text 123
Part II Exercises 125
Part III Reading Material 127
Part IV Word Building II 129
Unit 11 Antivirus Technology 132
Part I Text 132
Part II Exercises 135
Part III Reading Material 136
Part IV Translation Skills I 138
Unit 12 Computer Firewalls 141
Part I Text 141
Part II Exercises 144
Part III Reading Material 145
Part IV Translation Skills II 147
Unit 13 Encryptions 150
Part I Text 150
Part II Exercises 153
Part III Reading Material 154
Part IV Translation Skills III 157
Unit 14 Database Overviews 159
Part I Text 159
Part II Exercises 162
Part III Reading Material 163
Part IV Translation Skills IV 166
Unit 15 Multimedia Technologies 169
Part I Text 169
Part II Exercises 173
Part III Reading Material 174
Part IV Translation Skills V 178
Unit 16 Electronic Commerce 179
Part I Text 179
Part II Exercises 184
Part III Reading Material 185
Part IV Translation Skills VI 188
Unit 17 Search Engine Technologies 189
Part I Text 189
Part II Exercises 192
Part III Reading Material 193
Part IV Translation Skill VII 196
Unit 18 About the Searching of Microsoft.com 204
Part I Text 204
Part II Exercises 207
Part III Reading Material 208
Part IV Writing Skills I 211
Unit 19 Types of Search Engines 213
Part I Text 213
Part II Exercises 215
Part III Reading Material 216
Part IV Writing Skills II 218
Unit 20 Computer Documents 220
Part I Text 220
Part II Exercises 223
Part III Reading Material 224
Part IV Writing Skills III 227
Unit 21 Windows Help Documents 231
Part I Text 231
Part II Exercises 234
Part III Reading Material 235
Part IV Writing Skills IV 237
参考文献 240
It's hard to assign a worthwhile definition to each type of computer because definitions can getbogged down in potentially confusing technical jargon. Nevertheless, the following definitions cansuffice:
1 ) A supercomputer can handle gigantic amounts of scientific computation. It's usuallymaintained in a special room or environment, and may be about 50,000 times faster than a micro-computer. As a user in business, you probably would not have contact with a supercomputer.However, you might if you worked in the areas of defense and weaponry, weather forecasting,scientific research, at one of several large universities, or for the National Aeronautics and SpaceAdministration.
2) A mainframe computer is a large computer, usually housed in a controlled environment,that can support the processing requirements of hundreds or thousands of users and computerprofessionals. If you go to work for an airline, a bank, a large insurance company, a largeaccounting company, a large university, or the Social Security Administration, you will likely havecontact, through your individual workstation, with a mainframe computer.
3 ) A minicomputer, also known as a midsize or low-end mainframe computer, is similar to butless powerful than a mainframe computer. It can support 2 to 50 users and computer professionals.Minicomputers and mainframe computers can work much faster than microcomputers and havemuch more storage locations in main memory. Many small and medium-sized companies today useminicomputers, so if you go into the business world, you will have good chances to contact with aminicomputer.