地球大数据支撑可持续发展目标报告(2020):中国篇(英文版)
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《地球大数据支撑可持续发展目标报告(2020):中国篇》围绕零饥饿(SDG 2)、清洁饮水和卫生设施(SDG 6)、可持续城市和社区(SDG 11)、气候行动(SDG 13)、水下生物(SDG 14)和陆地生物(SDG 15)6个可持续发展目标(SDGs)所开展的42个案例研究、指标建设和可持续发展状态评估,展示了中国和典型地区两个尺度在数据、方法模型和决策支持方面对相关SDGs及其指标进行的研究和监测评估成果,包括41套数据产品、21种方法模型和30个决策支持结果。这些案例展现了中国利用科技创新推动落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程的探索和实践,充分揭示了地球大数据技术对监测评估可持续发展目标的应用价值和广阔前景,开拓了在联合国技术促进机制框架下利用大数据、人工智能等先进技术方法支撑2030年可持续发展议程落实的新途径和新方法,为各国加强2030年可持续发展议程的落实监测评估提供借鉴。
ContentsForeword iPreface vExecutive Summary ixList of Cases on Big Earth Data for SDGs xvChapter 1 IntroductionChallenges to Implementing the SDGs / 2Big Earth Data / 3Big Earth Data in Support of SDGs / 4Chapter 2 SDG 2 Zero HungerBackground / 8Main Contributions / 10Case Study / 11The trend of under-f ive stunting in China / 11Potential for sustainable cropland intensif ication in China / 17Potential for improvement of the sustainability of crop production in China / 22Monitoring and early warning of agri-product price volatility in China / 28Summary / 34Chapter 3 SDG 6 Clean Water and SanitationBackground / 38Main Contributions / 39Case Study / 41Spatiotemporal patterns of water transparency in Chinas lakes / 41Water-use eff iciency and its change in China / 47Evaluation of water stress in the Shule River Basin in Northwest China / 53Changes in the spatiotemporal extent of Chinas vegetated wetlands / 59Spatial distribution and changes of aquatic vegetation and algae in typical lake ecosystems, China / 65Comprehensive analysis of the sustainable development of water security in China / 71Summary / 77Chapter 4 SDG 11 Sustainable Cities and CommunitiesBackground / 80Main Contributions / 81Case Study / 84Estimates of population living in shantytowns as a percentage of main urban district residents in cities in China / 84Proportion of the population with easy access to public transportation in China / 90Monitoring and assessing urbanization progress in China / 96Analysis of urban expansion and population growth in China / 104Research on Sustainable Development Goals of UNESCO designated sites in China / 111Monitoring of disaster loss reduction and promoting sustainable development in vulnerable areas in China / 119Impact assessment of storm surge inundation in Shenzhen / 127Monitoring and analyzing f ine particulate matter (PM2.5) in cities in China / 134Assessment of urban public space in China / 139Share of open public space area in cities in China / 148Evaluation of the emergency response capacity for COVID-19 in Wuhan / 153Xuzhou: A typical case of resource-exhausted cities and regional transformation routes / 167Integrated assessment of SDG 11 indicators at the provincial scale in China / 180Summary / 186Chapter 5 SDG 13 Climate ActionBackground / 190Main Contributions / 191Case Study / 192Intensity and frequency of extreme high-temperature events and heatwaves in China / 192Predicting the impacts of future climate change on the phenology of major crops in China / 198Reaction of glaciers on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau to climate change / 203Summary / 208Chapter 6 SDG 14 Life below WaterBackground / 212Main Contributions / 213Case Study / 215Distribution and variation of marine debris and microplastics in Chinas coastal waters / 215Distribution of metal pollutants in coastal areas of China: using bivalves as bio-indicators / 223Ecosystem health assessment for typical bays in coastal China / 229Risk assessment of harmful algal blooms in the Bohai Sea / 235Monitoring changes in raft culture in Chinas coastal waters / 242Eutrophication, hypoxia, and acidif ication in Chinas coastal waters / 247Summary / 253Chapter 7 SDG 15 Life on LandBackground / 256Main Contributions / 258Case Study / 260Forest type distribution along the Yangtze River basin, China / 260Three conditions for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use in China / 265Proportion of important sites for terrestrial, freshwater, and mountain biodiversity that are covered by protected areas / 272Suitability of no net loss as a wetland protection target / 277Large-scale vegetation restoration and soil & water conservation in the Loess Plateau of China in the past 20 years / 282Evaluating aeolian desertif ication processes and restoration in the semi-arid region and its surrounding areas of northern China / 288Salinization development and countermeasures in the Yellow River Delta / 295Chinas plant diversity: risks and conservation strategies / 300Spatiotemporal changes in plant diversity in grassland nature reserves in northern China / 305Distribution and development of pinewood nematode disease in China / 311Summary / 317Chapter 8 Summary and Prospects / 320References / 324Acronyms / 344