毕业设计是信息类专业重要的教学环节。在此教学环节中，学生在指导教师的指导下，对给定的设计性课题，按照项目的要求，运用项目开发的技术，完成课题的设计任务，在此基础上撰写毕业论文，以参加毕业答辩的形式表达设计成果，并取得学分。通过毕业设计环节的锻炼，学生将得到工程设计和科学研究的初步锻炼，培养学生严谨的科学态度、正确的设计思想、科学的研究方法，以及敢于创新的精神和良好的工作作风；培养学生独立思考及工作的能力，以及独立检索资料、中外文资料查阅、综合分析、理论计算、工程设计、实验研究、工程制图、模型抽象、数据及文字处理等方面的能力，并掌握当前研究、设计的工具和环境；培养学生掌握一定的基本技能及综合运用基础理论、基本知识和技能，并解决具有一定复杂程度的实际问题的能力。本书介绍毕业设计（论文）教学环节的相关内容及教学规范化建设方案，包括毕业设计（论文）在人才培养中的定位、目标、教学要求和所需要的基本条件，工作安排与各阶段的划分与目标，毕业设计的选题要求，实施阶段的教学规范与成果建设和管理，毕业论文规范，毕业答辩和成绩评定，管理平台建设等；还介绍了在设计过程及未来工作中必须要掌握的文献资料与查阅技术，讨论了基于新工科理念的毕业设计课题资源建设这一当前可能的拓展机遇和相关措施；另外，为了有助于相关高校的专业认证工作，从微观角度深入探讨毕业设计（论文）的培养目标的达成度计算及其持续改进方法。本书所讨论的各环节规范、表格等有助于高校教学管理机制的建设。

胡学钢，教育部计算机类专业教学指导委员会（2018-2022）委员、安徽省高等学校计算机教育研究会理事长、安徽省人工智能学会副理事长、中国计算机学会教育专委会常委、全国高等学校计算机教育研究会常务理事、中国人工智能学会粒计算与知识发现专业委员会常委、教育部工程教育认证专家、中国高校计算机教育MOOC联盟安徽省工作委员会主任委员。

第1 章 概述·················································································································.1
1.1 毕业设计（论文）的教育作用······················································································.1
1.2 本科毕业生应具备的基本素养及其培养·······································································.3
1.2.1 工程研发能力与素养是本科毕业生生存和发展的基本要素···········································.3
1.2.2 科学研究能力与素养关系到个人和社会的健康发展·····················································.6
1.2.3 工科类专业的毕业要求·····························································································.9
1.3 毕业设计（论文）的性质、定位和指导思想·······························································10
1.3.1 毕业设计（论文）的性质和定位················································································11
1.3.2 毕业设计（论文）的指导思想···················································································12
1.3.3 学生的毕业设计（论文）阶段是一个完整项目的实施过程···········································14
1.3.4 毕业设计（论文）是本科阶段不可替代的教学环节·····················································15
1.4 本书的定位与内容安排··································································································16
1.4.1 当前毕业设计（论文）教学中存在的典型问题····························································16
1.4.2 本书的定位与内容安排·····························································································18
1.5 本章小结·························································································································22
1.6 思考与实践·····················································································································22
第2 章 基于工程教育认证理念的毕业设计（论文）教学安排·············································23
2.1 概述·································································································································23
2.2 工程教育认证简介··········································································································24
2.2.1 工程教育认证的基本概念··························································································24
2.2.2 工程教育认证标准····································································································25
2.2.3 工程教育认证的核心理念··························································································26
2.2.4 专业培养目标及其支撑和实现···················································································27
2.2.5 持续改进机制的实现································································································31
2.3 培养方案中毕业设计（论文）的教学安排···································································31
2.3.1 毕业设计（论文）的学分数与时间安排······································································31
2.3.2 毕业设计（论文）的任务形式···················································································32
2.4 工程教育认证对毕业设计（论文）内涵的要求···························································33
2.5 毕业设计（论文）的课程目标与所支撑的毕业要求···················································35
2.5.1 毕业设计（论文）课程目标与毕业要求调研案例························································35
2.5.2 不同专业毕业设计（论文）所支撑的毕业要求····························································37
2.6 毕业设计（论文）教学环节的持续改进机制建设·······················································38
2.6.1 毕业设计（论文）教学环节持续改进机制建设的主要内容···········································38
2.6.2 针对毕业设计（论文）教学检查项目安排的建议························································40
2.6.3 毕业设计（论文）检查环节安排和建议······································································41
2.7 本章小结·························································································································43
2.8 思考与实践·····················································································································44
第3 章 毕业设计（论文）工作部署与条件准备····································································45
3.1 概述·································································································································45
3.2 毕业设计（论文）总体工作安排与基本要求·······························································47
3.2.1 毕业设计（论文）教学阶段划分与具体要求·······························································48
3.2.2 条件准备与课题安排的基本要求················································································48
3.2.3 实施与完成课题·······································································································51
3.2.4 毕业论文撰写和评阅································································································52
3.2.5 毕业答辩和成绩评定································································································52
3.2.6 总结与持续改进·······································································································53
3.3 指导教师队伍建设··········································································································53
3.3.1 指导教师的基本要求和教学规范················································································54
3.3.2 专业指导教师队伍建设·····························································································56
3.4 项目研发环境建设··········································································································57
3.4.1 项目研发环境与基本要求··························································································57
3.4.2 实践环境建设基本规范·····························································································59
3.4.3 校外实践基地建设规范·····························································································61
3.5 毕业设计（论文）管理系统··························································································61
3.6 本章小结·························································································································62
3.7 思考与实践···············································································································63
第4 章 毕业设计（论文）课题规范与相关建设····································································64
4.1 课题资源建设和管理工作概述······················································································64
4.2 课题征集与管理·······································································································65
4.2.1 课题征集·······································································································65
4.2.2 课题资源的管理与分析·····························································································67
4.2.3 课题发布与安排·······································································································67
4.3 课题的基本要求·····································································································69
4.4 课题的申报与评审·····························································································71
4.4.1 指导教师毕业设计课题立项申请················································································71
4.4.2 校外企事业单位的课题立项申请················································································74
4.4.3 学生创新型与创业型课题立项申请············································································75
4.4.4 课题内容的具体要求································································································75
4.4.5 课题的审定································································································76
4.5 课题资源建设和质量保障机制······················································································76
4.5.1 建立稳定的课题遴选机制并严格执行·········································································76
4.5.2 拓展课题资源的探索································································································78
4.5.3 课题资源建设的持续改进机制···················································································79
4.6 本章小结·················································································································79
4.7 思考与实践··············································································································80
第5 章 毕业设计（论文）开题························································································81
5.1 开题阶段工作概述·····························································································81
5.1.1 学生在开题阶段的主要任务······················································································82
5.1.2 开题阶段的教学管理工作··························································································83
5.1.3 开题阶段的质量要求································································································84
5.1.4 开题阶段的其他要求和建议······················································································84
5.2 课题调研·················································································································86
5.2.1 课题调研的基本概念································································································86
5.2.2 课题调研的基本任务································································································86
5.2.3 开题报告的基本要求································································································87
5.3 课题方案················································································································89
5.3.1 课题方案的主要内容································································································89
5.3.2 课题方案体现的特征和基本要求················································································89
5.4 课题工作计划·········································································································90
5.4.1 课题工作计划的主要内容和基本要求·········································································91
5.4.2 制订课题工作计划的维度··························································································91
5.5 开题报告与开题质量监控······················································································92
5.6 本章小结··················································································································93
5.7 思考与实践···············································································································94
第6 章 系统设计与质量监控·····························································································95
6.1 系统设计阶段工作概述·························································································95
6.1.1 系统设计阶段教学目标·····························································································95
6.1.2 基础建设与工作方案································································································96
6.2 系统设计过程具体工作·························································································97
6.2.1 进一步细化工作计划································································································97
6.2.2 在熟练掌握开发与运行平台知识的基础上推进系统设计··············································99
6.2.3 基于实验论证的关键问题解决方案设计与创新····························································99
6.2.4 毕业设计（论文）成果文档建设··············································································100
6.2.5 创新性成果的内涵与培育························································································102
6.3 系统设计阶段的质量保障与监控机制·········································································103
6.3.1 系统设计阶段指导教师与课题组建设·······································································103
6.3.2 院系和专业的质量保障与监控机制··········································································104
6.4 本章小结···············································································································105
6.5 思考与实践···········································································································106
第7 章 毕业论文规范与教学安排·················································································107
7.1 概述······················································································································107
7.2 毕业论文的定位与内容··························································································108
7.2.1 学位论文的相关概念······························································································108
7.2.2 毕业论文的定位与内容···························································································109
7.3 毕业论文的主题表述······························································································109
7.3.1 以正文（Context）系统阐述并支撑主题···································································110
7.3.2 以题名（Title,Topic）、题目或标题精准表达主题·······················································110
7.3.3 以摘要（Abstract）概述设计与主题·········································································110
7.4 毕业论文的组成····································································································111
7.4.1 毕业论文的总体组成······························································································111
7.4.2 毕业论文正文的组成框架························································································112
7.5 毕业论文相关规范·······························································································112
7.5.1 毕业论文规范涉及范围···························································································112
7.5.2 毕业论文总体参考格式···························································································113
7.5.3 毕业论文目录参考格式···························································································113
7.5.4 毕业论文正文参考格式···························································································114
7.5.5 图表参考格式········································································································115
7.5.6 公式、定义、定理、命题、算法参考格式································································117
7.5.7 参考文献参考格式··································································································117
7.6 毕业论文质量监控································································································118
7.6.1 毕业论文的评阅·····································································································118
7.6.2 专业毕业论文的质量分析························································································119
7.7 本章小结···············································································································120
7.8 思考与实践·············································································································121
第8 章 毕业答辩与成绩评定··························································································122
8.1 概述·······················································································································122
8.2 毕业答辩工作安排································································································123
8.2.1 成立院系或专业毕业答辩委员会··············································································123
8.2.2 学生毕业答辩分组安排···························································································124
8.2.3 安排答辩组评委及其工作要求·················································································124
8.2.4 制定每个学生汇报的提纲和要点··············································································124
8.2.5 发布通知·········································································································125
8.3 学生毕业答辩准备·································································································126
8.3.1 深刻理解毕业答辩的重要性····················································································126
8.3.2 认真做好书面汇报材料的组织·················································································126
8.3.3 结合口头汇报的进一步组织····················································································127
8.3.4 在汇报时间有限情况下组织汇报内容·······································································128
8.4 毕业答辩·················································································································129
8.4.1 答辩组的组织和过程管理························································································129
8.4.2 学生在答辩现场需要注意的表现··············································································130
8.5 毕业设计（论文）成绩评定························································································131
8.5.1 毕业设计（论文）成绩评定的指标与机制································································131
8.5.2 毕业设计（论文）成绩评语的“三段式”结构··························································135
8.6 本章小结················································································································136
8.7 思考与实践·············································································································137
第9 章 科技成果及其培育···························································································138
9.1 科技创新与科技成果····························································································138
9.2 常见科技成果的类型····························································································139
9.2.1 学术论文···································································································139
9.2.2 开源软件································································································140
9.2.3 软件著作权·······································································································141
9.2.4 专利···············································································································141
9.3 科技成果的培育·····································································································142
9.4 科技成果的申报··································································································143
9.4.1 学术论文的撰写·····································································································143
9.4.2 软件著作权的申报流程与案例·················································································144
9.4.3 专利的申报流程与案例···························································································145
9.5 本章小结···············································································································152
9.6 思考与实践···········································································································153
第10 章 查阅与引用文献资料·······················································································154
10.1 查阅文献资料的作用与意义······················································································154
10.2 文献资料的类型································································································155
10.3 常用的文献标准格式与引用参考文献·······································································155
10.3.1 常用的文献标准格式·····························································································155
10.3.2 参考文献的书写顺序和序号···················································································156
10.4 查阅文献资料的途径与工具······················································································157
10.4.1 通过图书馆查找···································································································157
10.4.2 通过互联网查找···································································································157
10.5 查阅文献资料的方法························································································158
10.5.1 掌握基本检索方法································································································158
10.5.2 直接法··········································································································159
10.5.3 追溯法··········································································································159
10.5.4 综合法·········································································································159
10.5.5 运筹法·············································································································159
10.6 文献资料的整理······························································································160
10.6.1 文献资料的初步整理加工······················································································160
10.6.2 文献资料的进一步整理加工···················································································161
10.7 计算机科学与技术领域外文电子信息资源举要·······················································162
10.7.1 常用英文电子期刊数据库······················································································162
10.7.2 电子图书示例·······························································································164
10.7.3 文摘索引数据库···································································································164
10.7.4 计算机科学与技术领域主要免费网络资源数据库·····················································168
10.8 查阅文献资料实例····························································································170
10.8.1 中国知网CNKI 文献检索······················································································170
10.8.2 ACM 全文数据库的检索·······················································································185
10.8.3 使用免费网络资源数据库ResearchIndex 进行检索···················································186
10.8.4 使用搜索引擎Google 进行检索··············································································188
10.8.5 从作者主页下载文献资料······················································································189
10.9 本章小结············································································································189
10.10 思考与实践······································································································189
第11 章 提升毕业设计（论文）课题质量相关建设的思考·················································190
11.1 概述····················································································································190
11.1.1 开展毕业设计（论文）课题资源建设的相关方面·····················································191
11.1.2 提升毕业设计（论文）课题质量的主要途径概述·····················································193
11.1.3 完善毕业设计（论文）课题资源建设·····································································193
11.2 以教学研究的常态化引领毕业设计（论文）课题建设············································194
11.2.1 教育部专业教学指导委员会···················································································195
11.2.2 高水平社团与教学研究专题研讨············································································195
11.2.3 深入开展教学研究支撑课题资源建设·····································································196
11.2.4 以教学研究平台主导研究与建设············································································197
11.3 以深化教师教学与科学研究构筑毕业设计（论文）主导力量································197
11.3.1 校内指导教师队伍的主导力量作用·········································································197
11.3.2 高校教师发展的基本建议······················································································198
11.4 基于校内优势构筑毕业设计（论文）特色课题平台与资源····································201
11.5 综合社会力量构筑毕业设计（论文）课题资源库···················································202
11.6 基于产学合作的校内实践见习基地建设（以滁州学院为例）································202
11.6.1 基于产教融合的毕业设计工作实例·········································································202
11.6.2 基于科教融合的毕业设计工作实例·········································································204
11.7 本章小结·········································································································205
关于附录的说明·····································································································207
附录A 课题申请表········································································································208
附录B 任务书、开题报告和过程记录表············································································213
附录C 毕业论文参考架构·······························································································217
附录D 年度工作安排时间节点参考····················································································230
附录E 毕业设计（论文）成绩评定参考标准·····································································231
附录F 毕业设计（论文）教学指导委员会参考章程·························································233
附录G 毕业设计（论文）成绩评定书框架········································································235
附录H 课题汇总参考表····································································································237
附录I 国内核心期刊的遴选体系························································································238