MATLAB是 MathWorks公司推出的高性能数值计算和可视化软件，它集数值计算、矩阵运算和图形可视化于一体，方便地应用于算法开发、数据采集、数学建模、科学计算、系统仿真、数据分析等方面。本书基于R2020a版本，由浅入深且系统地介绍了MATLAB应用。全书共13章，内容涉及初识MATLAB、基础知识、向量与矩阵、矩阵运算、数学函数、数据绘图、图形处理、程序设计、数值计算、符号计算、句柄图形、输入与输出、 Simulink仿真。全书语言通俗易懂，内容丰富翔实；突出以实例为中心的特点，通过大量的实例，实现理论与实践的结合，可以帮助读者快速、轻松地掌握 MATLAB。

刘浩，男，毕业于天津工业大学。04年获得Adobe系列产品专家证书，ACCD平面设计师证书，CEAC国家信息产业平面设计师证书。上海碧海金沙设计总监，上海Nordri设计工作室（上海诺睿网络信息科技有限公司）创始人兼任设计总监，北京拓扑人咨询高级顾问，wps office签约讲师，复旦MBA港大项目组签约讲师。

第1 章 初识MATLAB ····································································································.1
1.1 MATLAB 的工作环境 ······························································································.2
1.1.1 操作界面 ·····································································································.2
1.1.2 当前文件夹窗口 ····························································································.2
1.1.3 命令行窗口 ··································································································.3
1.1.4 工作区窗口 ··································································································.5
1.2 通用命令 ··············································································································.6
1.2.1 常用命令 ·····································································································.6
1.2.2 快捷键 ········································································································.6
1.2.3 标点符号的含义 ····························································································.7
1.3 搜索路径设置 ········································································································.7
1.4 MATLAB 的帮助系统 ······························································································.9
1.4.1 使用帮助命令 ·······························································································.9
1.4.2 帮助导航系统 ·····························································································.10
1.4.3 示例程序的帮助系统 ····················································································.11
1.5 MATLAB 示例 ·····································································································.11
1.6 本章小结 ············································································································.12
第2 章 基础知识 ···········································································································.13
2.1 基本概念 ············································································································.14
2.1.1 常量和变量 ································································································.15
2.1.2 数组、矩阵、标量与向量 ··············································································.15
2.1.3 命令与函数 ································································································.16
2.1.4 表达式与语句 ·····························································································.17
2.2 数据类型 ············································································································.17
2.2.1 数值类型 ···································································································.18
2.2.2 逻辑类型 ···································································································.20
2.2.3 字符和字符串 ·····························································································.20
2.2.4 结构体类型 ································································································.20
2.2.5 单元数组类型 ·····························································································.23
MATLAB R2020a 入门、精通与实战
VI
2.2.6 函数句柄 ···································································································.24
2.3 运算符 ···············································································································.25
2.3.1 算术运算符 ································································································.25
2.3.2 关系运算符 ································································································.26
2.3.3 逻辑运算符 ································································································.27
2.3.4 运算优先级 ································································································.28
2.4 字符串 ···············································································································.29
2.4.1 字符串的构造 ·····························································································.29
2.4.2 字符串的比较 ·····························································································.31
2.4.3 字符串查找和替换函数 ·················································································.32
2.4.4 字符串与数值的转换 ····················································································.32
2.5 本章小结 ············································································································.33
第3 章 向量与矩阵 ········································································································.34
3.1 向量 ··················································································································.35
3.1.1 创建向量 ···································································································.35
3.1.2 向量的加减乘除运算 ····················································································.36
3.1.3 向量的点积和叉积运算 ·················································································.37
3.2 矩阵 ··················································································································.38
3.2.1 矩阵的构造 ································································································.38
3.2.2 矩阵的拓展与裁剪 ·······················································································.39
3.2.3 矩阵下标引用 ·····························································································.42
3.2.4 矩阵信息的获取 ··························································································.43
3.2.5 矩阵结构的改变 ··························································································.44
3.3 稀疏矩阵 ············································································································.45
3.3.1 创建和查看稀疏矩阵 ····················································································.45
3.3.2 稀疏矩阵的运算规则 ····················································································.46
3.4 本章小结 ············································································································.47
第4 章 矩阵运算 ···········································································································.48
4.1 矩阵分析 ············································································································.49
4.1.1 范数 ·········································································································.49
4.1.2 矩阵的秩 ···································································································.50
4.1.3 矩阵的行列式 ·····························································································.50
4.1.4 矩阵的迹 ···································································································.51
4.1.5 矩阵的正交空间 ··························································································.51
4.1.6 矩阵的化零矩阵 ··························································································.51
4.1.7 矩阵的约化行阶梯形式 ·················································································.52
目录
VII
4.1.8 矩阵空间之间的夹角 ····················································································.52
4.2 线性方程组 ·········································································································.53
4.2.1 线性方程组问题 ··························································································.53
4.2.2 线性方程组的一般解 ····················································································.53
4.2.3 恰定方程组的求解 ·······················································································.54
4.2.4 超定线性方程组的求解 ·················································································.54
4.3 矩阵分解 ············································································································.55
4.3.1 对称正定矩阵的Cholesky 分解 ·······································································.55
4.3.2 一般方阵的高斯消元法 ·················································································.56
4.3.3 矩形矩阵的正交分解 ····················································································.57
4.4 矩阵的特征值和特征向量 ·······················································································.58
4.5 非线性矩阵运算 ···································································································.59
4.5.1 矩阵指数运算 ·····························································································.59
4.5.2 矩阵对数运算 ·····························································································.60
4.5.3 矩阵开平方运算 ··························································································.60
4.5.4 一般非线性矩阵运算 ····················································································.61
4.6 本章小结 ············································································································.61
第5 章 数学函数 ···········································································································.62
5.1 初等函数运算 ······································································································.63
5.1.1 三角函数 ···································································································.63
5.1.2 指数和对数函数 ··························································································.64
5.1.3 复数函数 ···································································································.65
5.1.4 截断和求余函数 ··························································································.66
5.2 特殊数学函数运算 ································································································.67
5.2.1 特殊函数 ···································································································.67
5.2.2 坐标变换函数 ·····························································································.71
5.2.3 数论函数 ···································································································.71
5.3 本章小结 ············································································································.72
第6 章 数据绘图 ···········································································································.73
6.1 二维图形的绘制 ···································································································.74
6.1.1 plot 二维绘图命令 ·······················································································.74
6.1.2 多次叠图和多子图操作 ·················································································.77
6.1.3 fplot 二维绘图命令 ······················································································.79
6.1.4 ezplot 二维绘图命令 ·····················································································.80
6.2 三维图形的绘制 ···································································································.81
6.2.1 plot3 ·········································································································.81
6.2.2 三维网格图和三维曲面图的绘制 ·····································································.82
MATLAB R2020a 入门、精通与实战
VIII
6.2.3 其他三维绘图命令 ·······················································································.83
6.3 特殊图形的绘制 ···································································································.85
6.3.1 二维特殊图形函数 ·······················································································.86
6.3.2 三维特殊图形函数 ·······················································································.92
6.3.3 特殊坐标轴函数 ··························································································.95
6.3.4 四维表现图（三维体切片平面） ·····································································.98
6.4 本章小结 ············································································································.99
第7 章 图形处理 ··········································································································.100
7.1 图形标识 ···········································································································.101
7.1.1 坐标轴与图形标注 ······················································································.101
7.1.2 图形的文本标注 ·························································································.102
7.1.3 图例的标注 ·······························································································.103
7.2 图形控制 ···········································································································.104
7.2.1 图形数据取点 ····························································································.104
7.2.2 坐标轴控制 ·······························································································.105
7.2.3 视角与透视控制 ·························································································.108
7.2.4 图形色彩控制 ····························································································.111
7.2.5 光照控制 ··································································································.115
7.3 图形窗口的操作 ··································································································.117
7.3.1 图形窗口的创建 ·························································································.118
7.3.2 图形窗口的菜单操作 ···················································································.118
7.3.3 图形窗口工具栏 ·························································································.122
7.3.4 图形的打印与输出 ······················································································.124
7.4 本章小结 ···········································································································.124
第8 章 程序设计 ··········································································································.125
8.1 M 文件 ··············································································································.126
8.1.1 函数 ········································································································.126
8.1.2 脚本 ········································································································.127
8.2 语法规则 ···········································································································.128
8.2.1 程序设计中的变量 ······················································································.128
8.2.2 编程方法 ··································································································.130
8.2.3 顺序语句 ··································································································.130
8.2.4 循环语句 ··································································································.130
8.2.5 条件语句 ··································································································.131
8.2.6 其他流程控制语句 ······················································································.133
8.3 程序调试 ···········································································································.134
8.3.1 直接调试法 ·······························································································.134
8.3.2 工具调试法 ·······························································································.135
目录
IX
8.3.3 程序调试命令 ····························································································.137
8.3.4 程序剖析 ··································································································.138
8.4 程序设计与实现 ··································································································.142
8.4.1 建立数学模型 ····························································································.142
8.4.2 代码编写 ··································································································.143
8.5 本章小结 ···········································································································.144
第9 章 数值计算 ··········································································································.145
9.1 线性方程组的解法 ·······························································································.146
9.1.1 解线性方程组的直接法 ················································································.146
9.1.2 解线性方程组的迭代法 ················································································.148
9.1.3 利用MATLAB 求解线性方程组 ·····································································.150
9.2 数值逼近方法 ·····································································································.153
9.2.1 插值 ········································································································.153
9.2.2 曲线拟合 ··································································································.158
9.2.3 数值积分 ··································································································.161
9.3 常微分方程（组）的数值求解 ················································································.163
9.3.1 常微分方程初值问题的离散化 ·······································································.164
9.3.2 常微分方程初值问题 ···················································································.165
9.4 数据分析和多项式 ·······························································································.170
9.4.1 基本数据分析函数 ······················································································.170
9.4.2 多项式函数 ·······························································································.173
9.5 本章小结 ···········································································································.175
第10 章 符号计算 ········································································································.176
10.1 符号运算入门 ···································································································.177
10.1.1 求方程的根 ·····························································································.177
10.1.2 求函数的导数 ··························································································.177
10.1.3 求解微分方程 ··························································································.178
10.2 符号对象的创建和使用 ·······················································································.178
10.2.1 创建符号对象和表达式 ··············································································.178
10.2.2 符号对象的基本运算 ·················································································.181
10.3 符号表达式的操作 ·····························································································.182
10.3.1 符号表达式的替换 ····················································································.182
10.3.2 精度计算 ································································································.183
10.3.3 符号表达式的化简 ····················································································.184
10.4 符号微积分及其变换 ··························································································.186
10.4.1 符号表达式的微分运算 ··············································································.186
10.4.2 符号表达式的级数与积分 ···········································································.188
10.4.3 符号积分变换 ··························································································.189
MATLAB R2020a 入门、精通与实战
X
10.5 符号矩阵的计算 ································································································.191
10.5.1 代数基本运算 ··························································································.191
10.5.2 线性代数运算 ··························································································.191
10.5.3 特征值分解 ·····························································································.192
10.5.4 约当标准型 ·····························································································.192
10.5.5 奇异值分解 ·····························································································.193
10.6 符号方程求解 ···································································································.193
10.6.1 代数方程的求解 ·······················································································.194
10.6.2 微分方程的求解 ·······················································································.195
10.7 可视化数学分析窗口 ··························································································.196
10.7.1 图示化符号函数计算器 ··············································································.196
10.7.2 Taylor 级数逼近分析器···············································································.197
10.8 本章小结 ·········································································································.198
第11 章 句柄图形 ········································································································.199
11.1 句柄图形体系 ···································································································.200
11.1.1 图形系统 ································································································.200
11.1.2 句柄图形的概念 ·······················································································.200
11.1.3 对象属性及其检测和变更 ···········································································.202
11.2 图形对象的操作 ································································································.205
11.2.1 创建图形对象 ··························································································.206
11.2.2 查找对象 ································································································.207
11.2.3 图形对象的位置 ·······················································································.208
11.2.4 文本对象的位置 ·······················································································.209
11.3 属性默认值和factory 属性及打印位置 ····································································.211
11.3.1 设置属性默认值 ·······················································································.211
11.3.2 factory 属性 ·····························································································.214
11.3.3 打印位置 ································································································.214
11.4 句柄的使用方法 ································································································.215
11.4.1 访问对象句柄 ··························································································.215
11.4.2 使用句柄操作图形对象 ··············································································.216
11.4.3 删除对象 ································································································.217
11.4.4 控制图形输出 ··························································································.217
11.4.5 在M 文件中保存句柄 ················································································.219
11.5 句柄图形的应用举例 ··························································································.220
11.6 本章小结 ·········································································································.222
第12 章 输入与输出 ·····································································································.223
12.1 文件的打开与关闭 ·····························································································.224
12.1.1 打开文件 ································································································.224
目录
XI
12.1.2 关闭文件 ································································································.225
12.2 文件的读取与写入 ·····························································································.225
12.2.1 读取二进制文件 ·······················································································.225
12.2.2 写入二进制文件 ·······················································································.227
12.2.3 写入文本文件 ··························································································.228
12.2.4 读取文本文件 ··························································································.230
12.2.5 文件格式化和二进制输入/输出比较 ······························································.231
12.3 文件位置控制和状态函数 ····················································································.233
12.3.1 exist 函数 ································································································.234
12.3.2 ferror 函数 ·······························································································.235
12.3.3 feof 函数 ·································································································.235
12.3.4 ftell 函数 ·································································································.235
12.3.5 frewind 函数 ····························································································.235
12.3.6 fseek 函数 ·······························································································.235
12.4 本章小结 ·········································································································.237
第13 章 Simulink 仿真 ·································································································.238
13.1 Simulink 概论 ····································································································.239
13.1.1 Simulink 简介···························································································.239
13.1.2 启动Simulink ··························································································.239
13.1.3 Simulink 模型的特点··················································································.241
13.1.4 Simulink 实例···························································································.243
13.2 Simulink 模型创建 ······························································································.245
13.2.1 模块操作 ································································································.245
13.2.2 信号线操作 ·····························································································.246
13.2.3 模型的注释 ·····························································································.248
13.2.4 系统建模和系统仿真的基本步骤 ··································································.249
13.2.5 信源Source ·····························································································.253
13.2.6 信宿Sink ································································································.259
13.2.7 过零检测 ································································································.264
13.2.8 仿真配置 ································································································.266
13.2.9 启动仿真 ································································································.270
13.3 子系统的创建与封装 ··························································································.271
13.3.1 子系统介绍 ·····························································································.271
13.3.2 创建子系统 ·····························································································.272
13.3.3 封装子系统 ·····························································································.273
13.4 仿真模型的分析 ································································································.276
13.4.1 确定模型的状态 ·······················································································.276
13.4.2 平衡点的分析 ··························································································.277
MATLAB R2020a 入门、精通与实战
XII
13.4.3 微分方程的求解 ·······················································································.278
13.4.4 代数环 ···································································································.279
13.5 仿真的运行 ······································································································.280
13.5.1 启动仿真 ································································································.280
13.5.2 仿真的配置 ·····························································································.281
13.5.3 观测仿真结果 ··························································································.285
13.5.4 仿真调试 ································································································.286
13.6 S 函数 ·············································································································.287
13.6.1 S 函数的工作原理 ·····················································································.287
13.6.2 编写S 函数 ·····························································································.287
13.7 Simulink 与MATLAB 结合建模实例 ·······································································.291
13.8 本章小结 ·········································································································.294
附录A Simulink 模块库 ·······························································································.295
参考文献 ·······················································································································.304