本书是根据教育部高等学校大学计算机课程教学指导委员会关于高校计算机基础教学的有关精神，同时根据以应用型人才为目标的培养方案编写的。全书共分 8 章，主要内容包括：计算机概论、计算思维、 Windows 操作系统、文字处理软件、电子表格处理软件、演示文稿制作软件、算法与程序设计、计算机网络与 Internet 等。 本书结合大学计算机基础课程的基本教学要求，参考了全国计算机等级考试二级 MS Office 考试大纲要求，兼顾计算机技术的最新发展，结构严谨，层次清晰，内容丰富。为提高读者的实际操作应用能力，本书也有配套的实验教程。 本书可作为各高校各专业“大学计算机”课程的教材，也可作为计算机应用技术的培训教程和计算机爱好者的参考用书。

徐效美，女，现任鲁东大学副教授，长期从事计算机教育、计算机应用等领域的研究工作。先后在《计算机应用与软件》、《微计算机应用》等期刊及各类学术会议上发表论文多篇，她从事计算机教学工作10余年，先后讲授过《计算机文化基础》、《数据库应用技术》、《程序设计基础C语言》、《程序设计基础VB》等课程。

第 1 章 计算机概论 ·····················································································1
1.1 信息与信息系统···············································································1
1.1.1 信息与信息技术 ·····································································1
1.1.2 系统与信息系统 ·····································································4
1.1.3 信息经济与信息社会 ······························································.5
1.2 计算机与计算机系统·········································································6
1.2.1 计算机概述 ···········································································6
1.2.2 计算机中的数制与编码 ·························································.13
1.2.3 计算机系统的组成 ·······························································.27
1.2.4 微型计算机系统 ··································································.32
1.3 计算机信息安全············································································.40
1.3.1 计算机安全概述 ··································································.40
1.3.2 计算机病毒及防治 ·······························································.41
1.3.3 信息安全技术 ·····································································.44
思考题 ······························································································.49

第 2 章 计算思维 ·····················································································.50
2.1 计算思维概论···············································································.50
2.1.1 计算思维的定义 ··································································.50
2.1.2 计算思维的基本内容 ····························································.51
2.2 计算思维之抽象············································································.52
2.3 计算思维之自动化·········································································.52
2.4 计算思维的应用············································································.53
2.4.1 物联网 ··············································································.53
2.4.2 云计算 ··············································································.55
2.4.3 大数据与数据挖掘 ·······························································.57
2.4.4 区块链 ··············································································.59
2.4.5 人工智能 ···········································································.61
2.4.6 博弈论 ··············································································.65
思考题 ······························································································.68
第 3 章 Windows 操作系统·········································································.69
3.1 操作系统分类···············································································.69
3.1.1 操作系统的类型 ··································································.69
3.1.2 常用操作系统介绍 ·······························································.71
3.2 Windows 10 操作系统入门·······························································.72
3.2.1 Windows 10 的启动与退出 ·····················································.72
3.2.2 Windows 10 桌面··································································.73
3.2.3 Windows 10 窗口与对话框 ·····················································.79
3.3 Windows 10 文件资源管理器····························································.84
3.3.1 文件资源管理器的打开 ·························································.85
3.3.2 文件和文件夹 ·····································································.85
3.4 Windows 10 设置···········································································.93
3.4.1 Windows“设置”窗口的打开···················································.93
3.4.2 设置外观和主题 ··································································.94
3.4.3 设置输入法 ········································································.97
3.4.4 卸载或更改程序 ··································································.98
3.5 Windows 10 磁盘管理和常用附件······················································.98
3.5.1 Windows 10 磁盘管理 ···························································.98
3.5.2 Windows 10 常用附件 ···························································101
思考题 ······························································································104

第 4 章 文字处理软件 ···············································································105
4.1 Word 2016 基础 ············································································105
4.1.1 Word 的启动 ·······································································105
4.1.2 窗口组成 ···········································································106
4.1.3 文档的基本操作 ··································································108
4.2 文档的编辑··················································································111
4.2.1 输入文本 ···········································································111
4.2.2 选定文本 ···········································································113
4.2.3 删除、复制和移动文本 ·························································114
4.2.4 插入文件 ···········································································115
4.2.5 查找与替换 ········································································116
4.2.6 撤销、恢复和重复 ······························································.119
4.3 文档的排版··················································································119
4.3.1 字符格式 ···········································································119
4.3.2 段落格式 ···········································································120
4.3.3 样式 ·················································································121
4.3.4 设置边框和底纹 ··································································123
4.3.5 设置项目符号和编号 ····························································125
4.3.6 常用的特殊格式 ··································································126
4.3.7 复制格式和清除格式 ····························································127
4.4 表格制作·····················································································127
4.4.1 创建表格 ···········································································127
4.4.2 编辑表格 ···········································································129
4.4.3 格式化表格 ········································································131
4.5 图文混排·····················································································133
4.5.1 图片 ·················································································134
4.5.2 形状 ·················································································138
4.5.3 SmartArt 图形 ·····································································141
4.5.4 文本框 ··············································································143
4.5.5 艺术字 ··············································································143
4.5.6 公式 ·················································································144
4.6 邮件合并·····················································································145
4.6.1 邮件合并的几个基本概念 ······················································145
4.6.2 邮件合并的基本方法 ····························································145
4.6.3 邮件合并规则 ·····································································147
4.6.4 与邮件合并有关的域操作 ······················································149
4.7 引用···························································································150
4.7.1 目录 ·················································································150
4.7.2 脚注和尾注 ········································································151
4.7.3 题注 ·················································································152
4.7.4 索引 ·················································································153
4.7.5 交叉引用 ···········································································154
4.8 页面布局·····················································································156
4.8.1 页面设置 ···········································································156
4.8.2 页面背景 ···········································································157
4.8.3 封面 ·················································································158
4.8.4 分栏 ·················································································159
4.8.5 分节 ·················································································159
4.8.6 页码 ·················································································160
4.8.7 页眉和页脚 ········································································161
思考题 ······························································································162

第 5 章 电子表格处理软件 ·········································································163
5.1 Excel 基础知识·············································································163
5.1.1 Excel 的基本概念和术语························································163
5.1.2 Excel 2016 窗口的组成··························································164
5.1.3 工作簿的操作 ·····································································165
5.1.4 工作表的操作 ·····································································166
5.2 工作表数据的输入与编辑································································168
5.2.1 工作表数据的输入 ······························································.168
5.2.2 工作表的编辑 ·····································································173
5.3 公式和函数··················································································175
5.3.1 公式 ·················································································175
5.3.2 函数 ·················································································178
5.4 格式化工作表···············································································187
5.4.1 设置单元格格式 ··································································187
5.4.2 调整工作表的行高和列宽 ······················································189
5.4.3 隐藏行或列 ········································································189
5.4.4 冻结窗格 ···········································································190
5.4.5 条件格式 ···········································································191
5.4.6 套用表格格式 ·····································································192
5.5 图表···························································································193
5.5.1 图表的创建 ········································································193
5.5.2 图表的编辑与格式化 ····························································195
5.5.3 迷你图的创建 ·····································································197
5.6 数据管理·····················································································198
5.6.1 数据清单 ···········································································198
5.6.2 数据排序 ···········································································199
5.6.3 数据筛选 ···········································································200
5.6.4 分类汇总 ···········································································203
5.6.5 合并计算 ···········································································205

思考题 ······························································································206

第 6 章 演示文稿制作软件 ·········································································207
6.1 演示文稿的启动与界面···································································207
6.1.1 PowerPoint 2016 的启动·························································207
6.1.2 PowerPoint 2016 的窗口和视图方式··········································207
6.1.3 退出 PowerPoint 2016····························································209
6.2 演示文稿的创建与保存···································································209
6.2.1 新建空白演示文稿 ·······························································210
6.2.2 利用模板或主题快速创建演示文稿 ··········································210
6.2.3 保护演示文稿 ·····································································210
6.3 幻灯片的编辑···············································································211
6.3.1 创建和组织幻灯片 ······························································.211
6.3.2 编辑幻灯片 ········································································214
6.3.3 格式化幻灯片 ·····································································216
6.3.4 插入对象 ···········································································217
6.3.5 用节管理幻灯片 ··································································220
6.3.6 幻灯片外观的修饰 ·······························································221
6.4 幻灯片动画与切换设计···································································225
6.4.1 设置幻灯片动画效果 ····························································225
6.4.2 设置幻灯片切换效果 ····························································227
6.4.3 插入超链接和动作 ·······························································227
6.5 幻灯片的放映与打包······································································229
6.5.1 设置幻灯片放映 ··································································229
6.5.2 演示文稿的放映 ··································································230
6.5.3 排练计时 ···········································································231
6.5.4 演示文稿的导出与打印 ·························································231

思考题 ······························································································234

第 7 章 算法与程序设计 ············································································235
7.1 算法···························································································235
7.1.1 算法的概念 ········································································235
7.1.2 算法的特征 ········································································235
7.1.3 算法的评价 ········································································236
7.1.4 算法的描述 ········································································237
7.1.5 典型算法举例 ·····································································239
7.2 程序设计语言···············································································241
7.2.1 程序设计语言概述 ·······························································241
7.2.2 高级语言程序的执行 ····························································242
7.3 程序设计方法···············································································243
7.3.1 结构化程序设计方法 ····························································243
7.3.2 面向对象程序设计方法 ·························································245
7.4 Python 基础 ·················································································246
7.4.1 Python 简介 ········································································246
7.4.2 Python 开发环境配置 ····························································247
7.4.3 运行 Python 程序 ·································································248
7.4.4 数据类型 ···········································································251
7.4.5 常量和变量 ········································································253
7.4.6 运算符与表达式 ··································································253
7.4.7 流程控制语句 ·····································································255
7.4.8 函数 ·················································································259
7.4.9 复合数据类型 ·····································································259
7.4.10 turtle 库画图······································································261
7.4.11 Python 编程示例·································································263

思考题 ······························································································266

第 8 章 计算机网络与 Internet ····································································267
8.1 计算机网络概述············································································267
8.1.1 认识计算机网络 ··································································267
8.1.2 计算机网络的分类 ·······························································270
8.1.3 计算机网络的网络协议与网络体系结构 ····································273
8.2.4 计算机网络的组成 ·······························································277
8.2 Internet 基础·················································································292
8.2.1 Internet 的起源与发展 ···························································292
8.2.2 IP 地址与子网掩码·······························································294
8.2.3 域名地址和 DNS··································································296
8.2.4 接入 Internet 的方式······························································298
8.3 Internet 服务及应用 ·······································································300
8.3.1 WWW 服务 ········································································300
8.3.2 电子邮件服务 ·····································································302
8.3.3 搜索引擎 ···········································································304
8.3.4 图书馆电子资源检索 ····························································307
思考题 ······························································································310
参考文献··································································································31