平面电路是雷达、通信系统小型化、集成化发展的重要组成部分。本书从麦克斯韦方程组和射频技术的应用出发,以平面传输线-平面谐振器-平面电路设计为主线,系统阐述射频平面电路的电磁理论、电路特性、电路设计以及新技术新材料的应用,内容涵盖基本电磁理论,平面传输线方程及其解,微带线、共面波导、接地共面波导、带状线、槽线等平面传输线,不连续性问题,平面谐振器理论与新技术,平面滤波器、功分器、负群延时电路等的设计以及一体化电路设计新技术,并介绍平面电路设计的新材料以及从平面电路到立体多层电路的新技术发展。
肖建康 博士,西安电子科技大学机电工程学院副教授、博导,IEEE会员,美国光学学会会员,中国电子学会高级会员,国家自然科学基金面上项目评议人,教育部学位论文评审人,十多个国际SCI核心期刊的长期审稿人。2007至2009年华南理工大学博士后,2015年至2016年国家留学基金委公派英国Heriot-Watt University访问学者。先后主讲"信号与系统”"电路基础”"线性代数”"现代通信技术(研究生)”"平面电路(研究生)”"微特结构与测量(研究生)”等本研课程。主要研究方向:无线通信射频电路、柔性可穿戴电路。主持国家自然科学基金面上项目、陕西省自然科学基金、教育部博士点基金、中国博士后科学基金等项目多项;获授权发明专利3项、新型实用专利4项。在国际学术期刊上发表学术论文50多篇,在国内外学术会议上发表研究报告40多篇。
目 录
第 1 章 绪论································································································.1
1.1 射频/微波简介 ···············································································.1
1.1.1 射频/微波概念 ·············································································.1
1.1.2 射频/微波的特点···········································································.2
1.2 射频/微波的发展简史 ······································································.3
1.3 射频/微波的应用 ············································································.4
1.4 射频/微波平面电路和系统的组成 ······················································.12
第 2 章 平面电路的电磁理论基础····································································.15
2.1 麦克斯韦方程组及带状线场方程的导出··············································.15
2.2 平面电路的电磁场展开 ···································································.17
2.3 麦克斯韦的贡献 ············································································.21
参考文献 ····························································································.23
第 3 章 平面传输线······················································································.24
3.1 微带 ···························································································.24
3.1.1 微带的模式和特性········································································.24
3.1.2 微带不连续性·············································································.30
3.1.3 其他类型的微带结构 ·····································································.32
3.2 带状线 ························································································.33
3.3 共面波导和共面带线 ······································································.36
3.3.1 共面波导 ··················································································.36
3.3.2 背面导体覆盖的共面波导 ································································.37
3.3.3 共面带线 ··················································································.38
3.4 槽线 ···························································································.39
3.5 传输线方程及传输线分析 ································································.41
3.5.1 传输线方程 ···············································································.41
3.5.2 端接负载的传输线分析···································································.45
3.6 阻抗匹配 ·····················································································.49
3.6.1 传输系统的匹配状态 ·····································································.49
3.6.2 阻抗匹配器 ···············································································.51
3.7 耦合传输线 ··················································································.52
3.7.1 耦合微带和耦合带状线···································································.52
3.7.2 平行耦合线的参量········································································.54
参考文献 ····························································································.60
第 4 章 平面元件·························································································.62
4.1 平面谐振器基本理论 ······································································.62
4.1.1 微波谐振器谐振的基本特性 ·····························································.62
4.1.2 平面谐振器的基本参量···································································.64
4.1.3 传输线型谐振器的等效电路 ·····························································.66
4.1.4 平面传输线型谐振器分析 ································································.67
4.2 微带贴片谐振器 ············································································.70
4.2.1 矩形微带谐振器 ··········································································.71
4.2.2 圆形微带谐振器 ··········································································.73
4.2.3 正六边形微带谐振器 ·····································································.75
4.2.4 圆环形微带谐振器········································································.75
4.2.5 椭圆环形微带谐振器 ·····································································.76
4.2.6 三角形微带谐振器········································································.76
4.3 平面双模和多模谐振器 ···································································.81
4.3.1 平面双模谐振器 ··········································································.81
4.3.2 平面多模谐振器 ··········································································.85
4.4 阶梯阻抗谐振器 ············································································.86
4.4.1 两节阶梯阻抗谐振器 ·····································································.87
4.4.2 三节阶梯阻抗谐振器 ·····································································.92
4.5 分形谐振器 ··················································································.93
4.5.1 分形结构基本概念········································································.93
4.5.2 分形的迭代生成和应用···································································.96
4.6 可集成平面电感和电容 ···································································111
参考文献 ····························································································114
第 5 章 平面滤波电路···················································································116
5.1 平面滤波器的低通原型 ···································································117
5.1.1 巴特沃思低通原型········································································118
5.1.2 切比雪夫低通原型········································································118
5.1.3 椭圆函数低通原型······································································.120
5.2 只有一种电抗元件的低通原型 ························································.121
5.2.1 倒置变换器 ·············································································.121
5.2.2 倒置变换器的设计公式·································································.123
5.3 频率变换及滤波器设计 ·································································.125
5.3.1 低通滤波器 ·············································································.126
5.3.2 高通滤波器 ·············································································.130
5.3.3 带通滤波器 ·············································································.131
5.3.4 带阻滤波器 ·············································································.140
5.3.5 平面滤波器馈电 ········································································.148
5.4 准椭圆函数滤波器综合 ·································································.150
5.4.1 准椭圆函数滤波器······································································.150
5.4.2 准椭圆特征函数和传递函数 ···························································.150
5.4.3 准椭圆函数滤波器原型·································································.152
5.4.4 原型电路的分析 ········································································.155
5.4.5 准椭圆函数滤波器的综合方法·························································.158
5.5 几种滤波器设计技术 ····································································.162
5.5.1 DGS 和 DMS 技术 ······································································.162
5.5.2 信号干扰技术···········································································.172
5.5.3 电磁耦合技术···········································································.174
5.5.4 电调/可重构技术········································································.181
5.6 有耗滤波器 ················································································.183
5.6.1 有耗滤波器的概念和发展 ······························································.183
5.6.2 有耗滤波器综合 ········································································.185
5.7 无反射滤波器 ·············································································.189
5.7.1 吸收式无反射滤波器理论 ······························································.189
5.7.2 无反射滤波器设计方法·································································.198
5.8 平面平衡滤波器 ··········································································.202
5.8.1 平衡滤波器的散射参数·································································.203
5.8.2 平衡滤波器的设计方法·································································.206
5.9 平面双/多工器 ············································································.212
参考文献 ··························································································.216
第 6 章 平面负群时延电路···········································································.225
6.1 负群时延的产生 ··········································································.225
6.1.1 负群时延现象···········································································.225
6.1.2 负群时延产生的条件 ···································································.228
6.2 负群时延电路及其应用 ·································································.231
6.2.1 带阻滤波器型负群时延电路 ···························································.232
6.2.2 匹配的负群时延电路 ···································································.236
6.2.3 负群时延电路的应用 ···································································.239
参考文献 ··························································································.241
第 7 章 平面功分器····················································································.244
7.1 平面功分器理论基础 ····································································.244
7.1.1 平面功分器网络 ········································································.244
7.1.2 Wilkinson 功分器 ·······································································.246
7.2 平面负群时延功分器 ····································································.251
7.3 平面滤波功分器 ··········································································.255
参考文献 ··························································································.261
第 8 章 平面耦合器····················································································.263
8.1 平面耦合器简介 ··········································································.263
8.2 分支线耦合器 ·············································································.264
8.3 混合环耦合器 ·············································································.267
8.4 耦合线定向耦合器 ·······································································.267
8.4.1 耦合线耦合器的工作原理及理论分析 ·················································.270
8.4.2 单节耦合线耦合器的频率响应·························································.273
8.4.3 多节耦合器 ·············································································.274
8.4.4 非对称耦合器···········································································.275
8.4.5 Lange 耦合器············································································.277
8.4.6 串联耦合器 ·············································································.278
8.5 平面耦合器的发展 ·······································································.280
参考文献 ··························································································.281
第 9 章 平面巴伦·······················································································.283
9.1 巴伦的网络分析 ··········································································.283
9.2 宽带巴伦原理与设计方法 ······························································.284
9.2.1 Marchand 巴伦 ··········································································.284
9.2.2 不平衡传输线?平衡传输线结构的巴伦················································.288
9.2.3 基于功分加移相结构的宽带巴伦 ······················································.289
9.3 滤波巴伦 ···················································································.291
9.3.1 基于 Marchand 巴伦的滤波巴伦 ·······················································.291
9.3.2 基于平衡滤波器的滤波巴伦 ···························································.292
9.3.3 基于半波长开路线的滤波巴伦·························································.293
参考文献 ··························································································.294
第 10 章 平面电路的发展 ············································································.296
10.1 平面电路新材料·········································································.296
10.1.1 LCP 材料···············································································.296
10.1.2 高温超导材料及其应用 ·······························································.300
10.2 3D 打印技术 ·············································································.302
10.3 从平面电路到立体电路································································.303
10.3.1 LCP 多层电路 ·········································································.303
10.3.2 LTCC 电路 ·············································································.304
10.3.3 多层自封装悬置电路··································································.305
参考文献 ··························································································.312