《新编20世纪美国文学选读》在作家的取舍方面,考虑得比较周到全面。凡是已经成为经典的,如海明威、福克纳和菲茨杰拉德等小说家和艾略特、弗罗斯特等诗人,《新编20世纪美国文学选读》都有收录,而鉴于美国文学的多元化发展特点,我们所选的作家不仅在文学史上占有一定的地位,而且在主题、手法、文体风格或种族、性别等方面都有一定的代表性。比如其中托尼·莫里森和爱丽丝,沃克两位作家,就是美国黑人女作家中的翘楚,而亚瑟·米勒则是美国犹太裔剧作家的代表。
美国文学属于世界上最年轻的文学,从其诞生至今仅有二百多年的历史。然而在这短短的二百多年间,美国文学却迅速冲出了欧洲文学的樊篱而成长为与世界其他伟大文学比肩而立的文学艺术,涌现出了一大批享誉世界的伟大作家,也产生了许许多多题材广泛、风格迥异的文学精品,为繁荣和发展世界文化与文学做出了重要贡献。作为英语专业的学生,美国文学课无疑是学习英语语言,欣赏英语文学作品,了解西方文化的一门必修课。然而长期以来,国内出版的许多美国文学教材常常从建国前殖民地时期的文学作品说起,讲到第一次世界大战为止。而美国文学是20世纪,尤其是在第一次世界大战后走向世界并称霸世界文坛的。为了与时俱进,让读者多接触更多现当代的文学作品,我们决定编撰一本20世纪美国文学选读,供专业教师做教材使用,也方便大学英语专业高年级学生、研究生及有一定英语基础的文学爱好者了解现当代美国文学和美国社会与文化发展的脉络,使其在增长知识的同时提高对文学的鉴赏能力。
《新编20世纪美国文学选读》是笔者根据多年教授该课程的教学实践和授课讲义,同时借鉴参考国内外多种同类教材,结合目前本课程授课时数的实际情况,反复筛选、精心编纂而成的。全书分为小说,诗歌、戏剧三大板块,精选了20世纪美国文学具有代表性的小说家、诗人、剧作家及其经典作品,比较全面地反映了美国20世纪的主要文学成就。在体例设计上,本着简单实用、可操作性强的原则,简明扼要,重点突出。每个章节均由作家生平介绍、主要作品介绍、对作家及其作品的简要评论、选文内容提要、选文及引导提问、注释、生词、课后练习等部分构成。
《新编20世纪美国文学选读》的特点之一在于,虽然此教材属于针对高年级学生、研究生及有一定英语基础的文学爱好者的高级文学读本,但实际操作性特别强。良好的教学效果是编写此书的首要目的之一,务求让老师们使用起来得心应手,学生们理解起来轻松自如。通常文学教材中的思考题部分是在选文后作为课后练习题出现的,但本教材创造性的突破是将问题揉入选文,以脚注的方式对每页的选文提出引导性的问题。这些问题具体到段落、句子甚至单词,大多关于选文内容细节,不难解答,但以小见大、深入浅出地将学生往主题立意等更深层次的问题上引导,达到开拓思维、增进理解的目的,给教师和学生都留有充分的思考空间和余地。
《新编20世纪美国文学选读》的另一个特点是,在作家的取舍方面,考虑得比较周到全面。凡是已经成为经典的,如海明威、福克纳和菲茨杰拉德等小说家和艾略特、弗罗斯特等诗人,本书都有收录,而鉴于美国文学的多元化发展特点,我们所选的作家不仅在文学史上占有一定的地位,而且在主题、手法、文体风格或种族、性别等方面都有一定的代表性。比如其中托尼·莫里森和爱丽丝,沃克两位作家,就是美国黑人女作家中的翘楚,而亚瑟·米勒则是美国犹太裔剧作家的代表。
本书在立项、编写、审稿、统稿、定稿和出版等过程中,得到了中南财经政法大学外国语学院领导、学科带头人、武汉各大高校专业教师以及北京理工大学出版社工作人员的大力支持,在此,对他们表示衷心的感谢。由于编者水平所限,书中错误、缺点和考虑不周之处在所难免,恳切希望读者批评指正。
Part One Stories and Novels
Unit 1 F. Scott Fitzgerald
Babylon Revisited
The Long Way Out
Unit 2 Ernest Hemingway
A Clean Well-Lighted Place
Hills Like White Elephants
Unit 3 William Faulkner
Dry September
A Rose for Emily
Unit 4 Sherwood Anderson
The Egg
Hands
Unit 5 John Steinbeck
Of Mice and Men
Unit 6 Saul Bellow
A Father-to-Be
Unit 7 Flannery O'Connor
A Good Man Is Hard to Find
Unit 8 Katherine Anne Porter
Theft
Unit 9 James Langston Hughes
Thank You Ma:m
Unit 10 Joseph Heller
Catch-22
Unit 11 Alice Walker
The Color Purple
Unit 12 Toni Morrison
The Bluest Eye
Part Two Poems
T. S. Eliot
The Hollow Men
The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock
Robert Frost
Mending Wall
Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening
Williams Carlos Williams
The Red Wheelbarrow
This Is Just to Say
Irwin Allen Ginsberg
A Supermarket in California
Part Three Plays
ArthurMiller
Death of a Salesman
Eugene O'Neill
Long Day's Joumey into Night
Tennessee Williams
The Glass Menagerie
Certainly no memories to be cherished. Occasionally an item provoked a physical reaction: an increase of acid irritation in the upper intestinal tract, a light flush of perspiration at the back of the neck as circumstances surrounding the piece of furniture were recalled. The sofa, for example. It had been purchased new, but the fabric had split straight across the back by the time it was delivered. The store would not take the responsibility... "Looka here, buddy. It was O. K. when I put it on the truck. The store can't do anything about it once it's on the truck..." Listerine and Lucky Strike breath. "But I don't want no tore couch if it's bought new. " Pleading eyes and tightened testicles. "Tough shit, buddy. Your tough shit..."
You could hate a sofa, of course-that is, if you could hate a sofa. But it didn't matter. You still had to get together $4. 80 a month. If you had to pay $4. 80 a month for a sofa that started off split, no good and humiliating-you couldn't take any joy in owning it. And the joylessness stank, pervading everything. The stink of it kept you from painting the beaverboard walls; from getting a matching piece of material for the chair; even from sewing up the split, which became a gash, which became a gaping chasm that exposed the cheap frame and cheaper upholstery. It withheld the refreshment in a sleep slept on it. It imposed a furtiveness on the loving done on it. Like a sore tooth that is not content to throb in isolation, but must diffuse its own pain to other parts of the body-making breathing difficult, vision limited, nerves unsettled, so a hated piece of furniture produces a fretful malaise that asserts itself throughout the house and limits the delight of things not related to it.
The only living thing in the Breedloves' house was the coal stove, which lived independently of everything and everyone, its fire being "out," "banked," or "up" at its own discretion, in spite of the fact that the family fed it and knew all the details of its regimen: sprinkle, do not dump, not too much……The fire seemed to live, go down, or die according to its own schemata.
……