本书是依据教育部高等学校物理基础课程教学指导分委员会制定的"理工科类大学物理实验课程教学基本要求”编写的通识课程教材，体现新工科建设的成果。 突出对学生基本能力的训练和创新思维、创新方法、创新能力的培养，内容涵盖测量误差与数据处理的基本知识、基础性实验、综合性及应用性实验、演示实验、大型仪器实验、计算机仿真实验等，共6个部分。

金立，浙江理工大学高级实验师，主要讲授普通物理实验（实验A、实验B）、近代物理应用实验、LED专业实验。曾参与过以下项目：1）浙江省级虚拟仿真实验项目，组合式综合光学虚拟仿真实验，2021—20222）浙江省在线开放课程《普通物理实验》（第三批在建），2019—20203）浙江省教育规划课题，基于"模式+平台”的虚实结合的普通物理实验教学改革与实践，2018-20194）浙江理工大学校级重点教改项目，与工程专业认证接轨的普通物理实验

绪论 ···············································································································.1
第1 章 测量误差与数据处理的基本知识 ·······························································.7
1.1 测量与有效数字 ···················································································.7
1.2 误差分类与处理 ···················································································.9
1.3 测量不确定度的估算 ············································································.12
1.4 实验数据的处理方法 ············································································.17
第2 章 基础性实验 ··························································································22
2.0 预备知识 ···························································································.22
2.0.1 力学预备知识 ············································································.22
2.0.2 电磁学预备知识 ·········································································.26
2.0.3 光学预备知识 ············································································.32
2.1 拉伸法测定金属材料的杨氏模量 ·····························································.35
2.2 气垫导轨实验 ·····················································································.39
2.3 扭摆法测定物体的转动惯量 ···································································.45
2.4 三线摆法测定物体的转动惯量 ································································.49
2.5 气体比热容比的测定 ············································································.53
2.6 稳恒电流场模拟静电场 ·········································································.56
2.7 电表改装及校准 ··················································································.61
2.8 直流电桥测电阻 ··················································································.65
2.9 双臂电桥测低值电阻 ············································································.70
2.10 示波器的原理和应用 ···········································································.75
2.11 声速的测量 ·······················································································.82
2.12 铁磁材料的磁化曲线和磁滞回线的测量 ···················································.86
2.13 霍尔效应的原理与应用 ········································································.92
2.14 电磁感应法测量磁场分布 ···································································.101
2.15 温度传感器的原理与应用 ···································································.107
2.16 波尔共振 ························································································.112
2.17 光的等厚干涉 ··················································································.118
2.18 迈克尔逊干涉仪的调节和使用 ·····························································.123
2.19 分光计的调整及光栅衍射 ···································································.128
2.20 导热系数的测定 ···············································································.136
2.21 PN 结特性和玻尔兹曼常数的测定 ························································.142
第3 章 综合性及应用性实验 ···········································································.149
3.1 PASCO 动力学实验 ············································································.149
3.1.1 碰撞中的动量守恒 ····································································.149
3.1.2 斜面上的振动 ··········································································.151
3.2 固体线膨胀系数的测定 ·······································································.155
3.3 PASCO 基础光学实验 ·········································································.157
3.3.1 光的单缝衍射 ··········································································.157
3.3.2 光的双缝干涉 ··········································································.159
3.4 电介质介电常数的测定 ·······································································.161
3.5 密立根油滴实验 ················································································.163
3.6 弗兰克—赫兹实验 ·············································································.167
3.7 光电效应测普朗克常数 ·······································································.172
3.8 玻璃折射率的测定 ·············································································.178
3.9 太阳能电池特性的研究 ·······································································.180
3.10 多普勒效应综合实验 ·········································································.185
3.11 理想真空二极管综合实验 ···································································.189
3.11.1 金属电子逸出功的测定 ···························································.189
3.11.2 电子在径向电场和轴向磁场中的运动（磁控法测量电子荷质比） ·····.194
3.11.3 费米—狄拉克分布的研究 ························································.199
3.11.4 理想真空二极管的伏安特性 ·····················································.203
3.12 传感器综合实验 ···············································································.205
3.12.1 直流激励时霍尔传感器的位移特性实验 ······································.205
3.12.2 霍尔传感器的测速实验 ···························································.207
3.12.3 铂热敏电阻温度特性测试实验 ··················································.208
3.13 表面等离子体共振实验 ······································································.210
3.14 超声光栅 ························································································.213
第4 章 演示实验 ··························································································.217
4.1 傅科摆·····························································································.217
4.2 科里奥利力 ······················································································.218
4.3 弹性碰撞球 ······················································································.218
4.4 飞机升力 ·························································································.219
4.5 滚柱式转动惯量 ················································································.220
4.6 茹可夫斯基凳 ···················································································.221
4.7 直升机角动量 ···················································································.222
4.8 角动量守恒转台 ················································································.222
4.9 昆特管·····························································································.223
4.10 共振演示 ························································································.224
4.11 拍的合成 ························································································.225
4.12 看得见的声波 ··················································································.226
4.13 记忆合金水车 ··················································································.226
4.14 斯特林热机 ·····················································································.227
4.15 双向翻转伽尔顿板 ············································································.228
4.16 神奇的辉光球 ··················································································.229
4.17 神奇的辉光盘 ··················································································.229
4.18 手触电池 ························································································.230
4.19 静电高压 ························································································.231
4.20 雅各布天梯 ·····················································································.232
4.21 三相旋转磁场 ··················································································.232
4.22 电磁炮 ···························································································.233
4.23 亥姆霍兹线圈 ··················································································.233
4.24 汤姆逊电磁铁 ··················································································.234
4.25 能量转换轮 ·····················································································.235
4.26 光学分形 ························································································.235
4.27 光学幻影 ························································································.236
4.28 电子火焰 ························································································.237
4.29 视觉暂留 ························································································.238
4.30 梦幻点阵 ························································································.239
4.31 留影板演示仪 ··················································································.239
4.32 神秘的普氏摆 ··················································································.240
4.33 互补色图像 ·····················································································.241
4.34 台式皂膜 ························································································.242
4.35 偏振光干涉 ·····················································································.243
4.36 旋光色散 ························································································.244
4.37 光栅视镜 ························································································.245
4.38 透射光栅变换画 ···············································································.245
4.39 透射光栅立体画 ···············································································.246
4.40 磁力转盘 ························································································.247
4.41 激光琴 ···························································································.248
4.42 手摇发电 ························································································.249
4.43 无形的力 ························································································.249
4.44 空中成像 ························································································.250
4.45 穿墙而过 ························································································.251
4.46 窥视无穷 ························································································.252
4.47 一笔画 ···························································································.253
4.48 液晶玻璃 ························································································.254
4.49 会导电的布 ·····················································································.255
4.50 意念弯勺 ························································································.256
4.51 太阳能发电 ·····················································································.257
4.52 锥体上滚 ························································································.258
4.53 看谁滚得快 ·····················································································.259
4.54 听话的小球 ·····················································································.260
4.55 小球的足迹 ·····················································································.261
4.56 曲柄滑块机构 ··················································································.262
4.57 常用减速机构 ··················································································.263
4.58 槽轮机构 ························································································.264
4.59 异形齿轮 ························································································.265
4.60 最速降线 ························································································.266
4.61 双曲狭缝 ························································································.267
4.62 方轮车 ···························································································.268
4.63 滚出直线 ························································································.269
4.64 红外热像仪 ·····················································································.270
第5 章 大型仪器实验 ····················································································.272
5.1 原子力显微镜 ···················································································.272
5.2 热重分析 ·························································································.277
5.3 傅里叶红外光谱仪 ·············································································.279
5.4 共焦拉曼光谱仪 ················································································.282
5.5 紫外可见吸收光谱 ·············································································.284
5.6 稳态—瞬态荧光寿命光谱 ····································································.291
5.7 3D 激光扫描共聚焦显微镜 ···································································.295
5.8 X 射线衍射 ·······················································································.298
5.9 扫描隧道显微镜 ················································································.302
第6 章 计算机仿真实验 ·················································································.307
6.1 仿真实验软件简介 ·············································································.307
6.1.1 启动平台 ················································································.307
6.1.2 基本操作 ················································································.309
6.1.3 仿真实验项目 ··········································································.311
6.2 电子荷质比的测定 ·············································································.312
6.2.1 磁聚焦法测电子荷质比 ······························································.312
6.2.2 磁控管法测电子荷质比 ······························································.313
6.3 塞曼效应实验 ···················································································.315
6.3.1 垂直磁场方向观察塞曼分裂 ························································.315
6.3.2 平行磁场方向观察塞曼分裂 ························································.318
6.4 虚拟仿真实验中心 ·············································································.319
6.4.1 Pasco 组合光学虚拟仿真实验 ······················································.320
6.4.2 传感器虚拟仿真实验 ·································································.320
6.4.3 近代物理仿真实验 ····································································.322
参考文献 ······································································································.324