化工工艺学_王金权著，王金权编_9787305235948

化工工艺学

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丛书名：XM高等院校化学化工教学改革新形态教材

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化工工艺学是大学化工与制药类专业基础课教育的一门重要课程，对于培养化学化工类及相近各专业学生的化工专业知识起着重要的作用。该教材全书共13章，主要为化学工业、石油精炼工艺、低碳烯烃生产、合成气生产、从合成气中提取的大宗化学品和合成燃料、聚合物生产--聚乙烯、精细化学品生产、工艺强化及进展等。本书在教学理念、教材内容及编排等方面都有一定的优点和特色，能够作为本科院校本科生、研究生或相关科技人员的授课书籍或参考资料。

Contents目录Preface序言1Introduction引言References参考文献GeneralLiterature普通著作2TheChemicalIndustry化学工业2.1ABriefHistory简史2.1.1InorganicChemicals无机化学品2.1.2OrganicChemicals有机化学品2.1.3TheOilEra石油时代2.1.4TheAgeofSustainability可持续发展时代2.2StructureoftheChemicalIndustry化学工业结构2.3RawMaterialsandEnergy原材料与能源2.3.1FossilFuelConsumptionandReserves化石燃料消耗和储量2.3.2BiomassasanAlternativeforFossilFuels化石燃料的替代品--生物质2.3.3EnergyandtheChemicalIndustry能源与化学工业2.3.4CompositionofFossilFuelsandBiomass化石燃料和生物质组成2.4BaseChemicals基础化学品GlobalTrendsintheChemicalIndustry化学工业全球趋势Questions问题References参考文献GeneralLiterature普通著作3ProcessesintheOilRefinery石油精炼工艺3.1TheOilRefinery?AnOverview石油精炼概述3.2PhysicalProcesses物理工艺3.2.1DesaltingandDehydration脱盐和脱水3.2.2CrudeDistillation原油蒸馏3.2.3PropaneDeasphalting丙烷脱沥青3.3ThermalProcesses热处理工艺3.3.1Visbreaking减粘裂化3.3.2DelayedCoking延迟焦化3.3.3Flexicoking灵活焦化3.4CatalyticProcesses催化工艺3.4.1OctaneandCetaneNumbers辛烷和十六烷值3.4.2CatalyticCracking催化裂化3.4.3CatalyticReforming催化重整3.4.4Alkylation烷基化3.4.5Hydroprocessing加氢处理3.5CurrentandFutureTrendsinOilRefining石油精炼现状和未来趋势3.5.1StricterEnvironmentalRegulations更严格的环境法规3.5.2RefineryConfigurations炼油厂配置Questions问题References参考文献4ProductionofLightAlkenes低碳烯烃生产4.1Introduction引言4.2CrackingReactions裂化反应4.2.1Thermodynamics热力学4.2.2Mechanism原理4.2.3Kinetics动力学4.3TheIndustrialProcess工业化工业4.3.1InfluenceofFeedstockonSteamCrackerOperationandProducts蒸汽裂解操作原料影响因素和产品4.3.2CrackingFurnace裂解炉4.3.3HeatExchanger热交换器4.3.4CokeFormation积碳4.4ProductProcessing产品加工4.5NovelDevelopments新进展4.5.1SelectiveDehydrogenationofLightAlkanes低碳烷烃选择性脱氢4.5.2MetathesisofAlkenes烯烃置换作用4.5.3ProductionofLightAlkenesfromSynthesisGas合成气生产低碳烯烃4.5.4DehydrationofBioethanol生物乙醇脱水4.5.5DirectConversionofMethane甲烷直接转化Questions问题References参考文献5ProductionofSynthesisGas合成气生产5.1Introduction引言5.2SynthesisGasfromNaturalGas从天然气到合成气5.2.1ReactionsandThermodynamics反应和热力学5.2.2SteamReformingProcess蒸汽重整工艺5.2.3AutothermalReformingProcess自热重整工艺5.2.4NovelDevelopments新进展5.3CoalGasification煤气化5.3.1GasificationReactions气化反应5.3.2Thermodynamics热力学5.3.3GasificationTechnologies气化技术5.3.4RecentDevelopmentsinGasificationTechnology气化技术的最近发展5.3.5ApplicationsofCoalGasification媒气化应用5.3.6IntegratedGasificationCombinedCycle集成气化联合循环5.3.7WhyGasify,NotBurnforElectricityGeneration?为何气化而不是燃烧发电？5.3.8CarbonCaptureandStorage(CCS)碳捕捉和储存5.4CleaningandConditioningofSynthesisGas合成气的清洗和调节5.4.1AcidGasRemoval酸性气体去除5.4.2Water–GasShiftReaction水煤气变换反应5.4.3Methanation甲烷化Questions问题References参考文献6BulkChemicalsandSyntheticFuelsDerivedfromSynthesisGas从合成气中提取的大宗化学品和合成燃料6.1Ammonia氨6.1.1BackgroundInformation背景资料6.1.2Thermodynamics热力学6.1.3CommercialAmmoniaSynthesisReactors商业氨合成反应器6.1.4AmmoniaSynthesisLoop氨合成回路6.1.5IntegratedAmmoniaPlant集成氨工段6.1.6HydrogenRecovery氢气回收6.1.7ProductionofUrea尿素生产6.2Methanol甲醇6.2.1BackgroundInformation背景资料6.2.2Reactions,Thermodynamics,andCatalysts反应、热力学和催化剂6.2.3SynthesisGasforMethanolProduction甲醇生产合成气6.2.4MethanolSynthesis甲醇合成6.2.5ProductionofFormaldehyde甲醛生产6.3SyntheticFuelsandFuelAdditives合成燃料和燃料添加剂6.3.1Fischer–TropschProcess费希尔特罗普希工艺6.3.2Methanol-to-Gasoline(MTG)Process甲醇转化汽油工艺6.3.3RecentDevelopmentsintheProductionofSyntheticFuels合成燃料生产新进展6.3.4FuelAdditives?MethylTert-ButylEther燃料添加剂--甲基叔丁醚Questions问题References参考文献7ProductionofPolymers?Polyethene聚合物生产--聚乙烯7.1Introduction引言7.2PolymerizationReactions聚合反应7.2.1StepgrowthPolymerization逐步聚合7.2.2ChaingrowthPolymerization?RadicalandCoordinationPathways链增长聚合—自由基和协调路径7.3Polyethenes–BackgroundInformation聚乙烯—背景信息7.3.1CatalystDevelopment催化剂发展7.3.2ClassificationandProperties分类和性质7.3.3Applications应用7.4ProcessesfortheProductionofPolyethenes聚乙烯生产工艺7.4.1MonomerProductionandPurification单体生产和精制7.4.2Polymerization–Exothermicity聚合-放热放热反应7.4.3ProductionofPolyethenes聚乙烯生产Questions问题References参考文献8ProductionofFineChemicals精细化学品生产8.1Introduction引言8.2RoleofCatalysis催化剂作用8.2.1AtomEconomy原子经济8.2.2AlternativeReagentsandCatalysts选择性试剂和催化剂8.2.3NovelReactionRoutes新反应路线8.2.4Selectivity选择性8.2.5Biocatalysis生物催化剂8.3Solvents溶剂8.3.1ConventionalSolvents传统溶剂8.3.2AlternativeSolvents选择性溶剂8.4ProductionPlants生产工段8.4.1MultiproductandMultipurposePlants(MMPs)多产品和多目的工段8.4.2DedicatedContinuousPlants专用连续工段8.5BatchReactorSelection间歇反应器选择8.5.1ReactorsforLiquidandGas–LiquidSystems液相和气液相系统反应器8.5.2ReactorsforGas–Liquid–SolidSystems气液固系统选择8.6BatchReactorScale-upEffects间歇反应器放大效应8.6.1TemperatureControl温度控制8.6.2HeatTransfer热传递8.6.3ExampleoftheScale-upofaBatchandSemi-BatchReactor间歇和半间歇反应器放大案例8.6.4SummaryoftheScale-upofBatchReactors间歇反应器概要8.7SafetyAspectsofFineChemicals精细化学品安全性8.7.1ThermalRisks热危险8.7.2SafetyandProcessDevelopment安全和工艺进展Questions问题References参考文献9ProcessIntensification工艺强化9.1Introduction引言9.1.1WhatisProcessIntensification何为工艺强化9.1.2HowtoIntensifyProcesses如何强化工艺9.2StructuredCatalyticReactors结构化的催化反应器9.2.1TypesofStructuredCatalystsandReactors结构化的催化反应器类型9.2.2Monoliths整体式9.2.3Microreactors微反应器9.3MultifunctionalReactorsReactiveSeparation多功能反应器反应分离9.3.1ReactiveDistillation反应精馏9.3.2CouplingReactionandMembraneSeparation耦合反应和膜分离9.3.3CouplingReactionandAdsorption耦合反应和吸附Questions问题References参考文献10ProcessDevelopment工艺进展10.1DependenceofStrategyonProductTypeandRawMaterials产品类型和原材料战略依赖10.2TheCourseofProcessDevelopment工艺发展过程10.3DevelopmentofIndividualSteps个别步骤发展10.3.1ExploratoryPhase探索阶段10.3.2FromProcessConcepttoPreliminaryFlowSheet从工艺概念到初步流程图10.3.3PilotPlantsMiniplants实验工厂迷你工厂10.4Scale-up放大10.4.1ReactorswithaSingleFluidPhase单一流动相反应器10.4.2FixedBedCatalyticReactorswithOneorMoreFluidPhases单一或多流动相固定床催化反应器10.5SafetyandLossPrevention安全和损失预防10.5.1SafetyIssues安全问题10.5.2ReactivityHazards反应性危险10.5.3DesignApproachestoSafety安全设计路径10.6ProcessEvaluation工艺评估10.6.1CapitalCostEstimation资本成本估算10.6.2OperatingCostsandEarnings运行成本和收入10.6.3ProfitabilityMeasures盈利措施10.7CurrentandFutureTrends当前和未来趋势Questions问题References参考文献GeneralLiterature普通著作Magazines杂志AppendixAChemicalIndustry?Figures附录A化学工业—图AppendixBMainSymbolsUsedinFlowSchemes附录B流程图中使用的符号Index索引

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