《梨优质丰产栽培实用技术》对梨生产现状与发展趋势、梨优良品种的特性与品种选择、梨育苗技术、梨园建园技术、整形修剪技术、土肥水管理技术、花果管理、病虫害防治技术等内容进行了详细的介绍，以便使梨的种植及管理人员、相关技术服务人员能够全面、详尽地掌握梨优质丰产的现代栽培技术。本书结合笔者多年生产一线的实践经验，根据梨栽培管理中的实际需求，力求介绍生产中最实用的先进技术，介绍生产新动向，以服务于现代农业大背景下的梨产业的发展需求，使内容贴近实际，解决果农在生产中遇到的实际问题。

本教材力求体现专业与产业、职业岗位对接，专业课程内容与职业标准对接，教学过程与生产过程对接，职业教育与终身学习对接的职业教育教学改革方向，力求实现校企融合、工学结合的紧密衔接。

The economic performance of a pear orchard is directly affected by the level of cultivation and management techniques. In the context of modern agriculture, in order to meet the market demand and create more economic benefits, the cultivation and management of fruit trees can no longer focus on the yield of fruit only, but also on the quality, thus requiring modern and advanced cultivation and management techniques. Meanwhile, with the construction of a modern agricultural industry system in China, more and more people are joining the ranks of modern agricultural operation and management. In particular, many new large-scale agricultural parks and pear orchards are developing vigorously, and the cultivation and management of high-quality, high-efficiency, and high-yielding pear are becoming the key techniques that practitioners must know.
This book introduces in detail the present situation and development trend of pear production, characteristics and selection of superior cultivars, nursery techniques, orchard construction techniques, trimming and pruning techniques, soil, fertilizer and water management techniques, flower and fruit management techniques, pest control techniques, etc., in order to enable pear planting and management personnel and related technical service personnel to master comprehensive and detailed modern cultivation techniques of high-quality and high-yielding pear.
This book, based on the authors years of practical experience in production and the actual needs in pear cultivation and management, aims to introduce the most practical advanced techniques and new trends in production, serve the development needs of the pear industry in the context of modern agriculture, and solve the practical problems encountered by fruit farmers in production.
I have referred to the research results of some experts and scholars, as well as related books and journals. I would like to express our sincere thanks here. Due to my limited level of knowledge and the shortage of time, this book may contain errors or omissions. Any suggestions from readers will be greatly appreciated.
The Editor
March 2025

许桓瑜，博士，副研究员。主要从事植物生物学研究和农业科研管理工作。主持海南省重点研发项目、中国工程院研究咨询项目、中央高校基本科研业务费项目等，参与主持农业部948项目，以第一及通讯作者发表论文 30 余篇。

Contents
Chapter 1 General ……………………………………………………………… 1
Section 1 Economic Significance of Pear Cultivation ………………………… 1
Section 2 History and Current Situation of Pear Cultivation ………………… 1
Section 3 Problems and Developing Trends in Pear Production ……………… 2
Chapter 2 Superior Cultivars ………………………………………………… 5
Section 1 Classification of Pears Cultivated in China ………………………… 5
Section 2 Superior Cultivars ………………………………………………… 6
Section 3 Cultivar Selection ………………………………………………… 25
Chapter 3 Growth and Fruiting Habits …………………………………… 27
Section 1 Characteristics of Roots ………………………………………… 27
Section 2 Characteristics of Buds, Branches, and Leaves ………………… 34
Section 3 Flower Bud Diff erentiation ……………………………………… 44
Section 4 Flowering and Fruiting ………………………………………… 46
Section 5 Development of Fruits …………………………………………… 48
Section 6 Requirements for Environmental Conditions …………………… 49
Chapter 4 Nursery Techniques …………………………………………… 53
Section 1 Types and Selection of Rootstock ……………………………… 53
Section 2 Nursery Techniques …………………………………………… 56
Section 3 Breeding of Dwarfing and Virus-free Seedlings ………………… 69
Section 4 Top Grafting for Growing Superior Cultivars …………………… 70
Chapter 5 Orchard Construction Techniques …………………………… 73
Section 1 Selections of Orchard Land ……………………………………… 73
Section 2 Orchard Planning and Setting …………………………………… 77
Section 3 Planting of Pear ………………………………………………… 84
Chapter 6 Nutrient, Soil, Fertilizer, and Water Management Techniques
for Pear Trees ………………………………………………… 89
Section 1 Nutrient Elements for Pear Trees ………………………………… 89
Section 2 Soil Management Techniques for Pear Orchard ………………… 95
Section 3 Fertilizer Requirement Characteristics of Pear Trees and
Scientific Fertilization …………………………………………… 121
Section 4 Irrigation and Drainage ………………………………………… 147
Chapter 7 Trimming and Pruning of Pear Trees ………………………… 152
Section 1 The Principle and Function of Trimming and Pruning of
Pear Trees ………………………………………………………… 152
Section 2 The Basis, Time, and Method of Trimming and Pruning for
Pear Trees ………………………………………………………… 158
Section 3 Trimming Characteristics of Pear Trees and Requirement for
High-yield Tree Shapes ………………………………………… 169
Section 4 Main Tree Shapes of Pear Trees ………………………………… 173
Section 5 Method of Pruning ……………………………………………… 180
Section 6 Innovation of Trimming and Pruning Technology for Pear Trees … 184
Chapter 8 Flower and Fruit Management ………………………………… 188
Section 1 Pollination Promotion and Fruit Setting Rate Improvement …… 188
Section 2 Frost Prevention during Anthesis ………………………………… 190
Section 3 Blossom and Fruit Thinning …………………………………… 191
Section 4 Fruit Bagging …………………………………………………… 194
Section 5 Harvesting, Packaging, and Transport of Fruits ………………… 196
Chapter 9 Top Grafting for Growing Superior Cultivars ………………… 200
Section 1 Top Grafting Period ……………………………………………… 200
Section 2 Treatment of Top Grafting Trees ………………………………… 200
Section 3 Grafting ………………………………………………………… 201
Section 4 Post-grafting Management ……………………………………… 201
Chapter 10 Integrated Control Technology for Diseases and Pests
on Pear Trees ………………………………………………… 203
Section 1 Occurrence and Infection of Diseases on Fruit Trees …………… 203
Section 2 Identification and Retrieval of Fruit Tree Diseases ……………… 214
Section 3 Identification of Fruit Tree Pests ………………………………… 226
Section 4 Scientific Control Technology for Diseases and Pests
on Fruit Trees …………………………………………………… 230
Section 5 Pear Diseases and Control ……………………………………… 256
Section 6 Pear Pests and Control …………………………………………… 274
Section 7 Physiological Diseases of Pear Trees …………………………… 315
Appendixes …………………………………………………………………… 325
References …………………………………………………………………… 352