1.通过整理近年来参考新托福考试的考生回忆机经，尽可能地还原新托福考试阅读部分的文章和试题。2.在每一篇文章后针对相对文章中的重点、难点展开讲述，帮助学生更准确地理解文章，更有效地解答题目。3.同时，本书总结了每一篇文章中有用的词、句、段落，以便考生在阅读文章之后，也能积累语言素材，以外收获写作提分之喜。

刘文勇，北京乐闻携尔教育咨询有限公司创始人，自称为浑身赘肉、有问必答的热心话唠，教授托福、SAT、GRE、GMAT。作品有“新托福真题详解”系列图书、“新托福百日百句百篇”系列图书、《去美国读本科》《去美国读研究生》等。

Development of the Newspaper in America
The modern newspaper is a European invention. The oldest direct ancestor of the
modern newspaper appears to have been the handwritten news sheets that circulated
widely in the sixteenth century in Venice, which was a center for trade and, therefore, for
information. With very few exceptions, the early newspapers never reported any news about
the country in which they were printed. Print shops were tightly regulated; Europe’s rulers
allowed them to print newspapers as long as these papers did not discuss any local or
national issues or events.
Britain’s American colonies entered the world of the newspaper relatively late. It was
not until 1690 that the first American newssheet—Boston’s Publick Occurrences published
by Benjamin Harris—made its debut. The Massachusetts authorities, in high resentment
towards that Harris dared to report that English military forces had allied themselves with
“miserable” savages, put him out of business four days later, so the first issue of America’s
first newspaper was also the last. The Boston News-Letter, America’s second printed
newspaper, published fourteen years later, was a much tamer affair than Harris’s paper. In
the following years, newspapers appeared successively in almost every colony. By ?7??,
all but two of the colonies, Delaware and New Jersey, had weekly newspapers. These early
papers were careful not to offend colonial authorities, and were filled primarily with short
news items, documents and essays mostly taken from other newspapers, particularly British
and European papers.
The major limitation on press freedom was the stamp tax passed by the British
Parliament in ?7??, which had the effect of raising the price of newspapers to the point where
the poorer classes could not afford to buy them. As Americans were not represented in this
Parliament, American newspapers rebelled against the new tax. Similar protest