《大学科学双语教材》科学、有趣地介绍了自然科学中*基本的内容和**的发展前 沿，包含生物学、化学、物理学、地理学、生态学、太空和信息学等内 容，图文并茂。课文主要选自原版教材、专著、文献、托福、雅思和美国 之音(VOA)**报道等。《大学科学双语教材》共有5章（chapter),每章分3部分（part )， **部分为一般读物，第二部分为高级读物，第三部分为该学科发展前沿 的VOA**报道。每部分含若干单元（unit),每个单元后都列出专业术语/ 生疏单词和词组（New Words and Expressions),并注有国际音标（美音) 和双语（英语和汉语）解释，便于读者自学。每章的第二部分后附有练习 题（附录一为其答案)，利于提高学习效率。
《大学科学双语教材》是大学科学双语通识教材，可作为高等院校文科、理科和工科大 学生的专业必/选修课和公选课的教材。也不失为研究生考试、职称考试及 托福、雅思等备考人士的良好复习资料。
Chapter One Biology
Part One General Reading Materials
Unit 1 The Fundamental Concepts and Principles of Biology
As you know， biology is the branch of science， it is much more than a collection of facts. Biology studies living things: their structure， function， evolution and interactions with one another and with their nonliving environment. We can identify several fundamental concepts and principles in living organisms.
Living organisms are organized into units called cells. Many small organisms such as bacteria and most protists，consist of one cell each， so we must use a microscope to see them. Large organisms， such as trees and humans， contain up to hundreds of millions of cells. Each cell is a discrete packet of highly ordered living material，biochemistry factory. It takes in nutrients and energy and uses them to maintain itself， to grow， to respond to changes in their environment， and eventually to reproduce， forming two new cells. Hence， cells are the units of structure， function， and reproduction in organisms.
Living organisms metabolize. The essence of metabolism is the result of energy transfers between substances. When organisms take in materials from and give materials back to environment， the materials undergo extensive transformations. In this process， energy is produced to maintain the activity of the living organisms. For example， in a process called photosynthesis， plants absorb solar energy and use it to form compounds such as adenosine triphosphate， or ATP， then the energy of ATP is used to build sugar， starch and other molecules. Hence， energy is transferred from the sun to ATP and then to molecules that the cell uses as building blocks or tucks away as energy reserves.
Living organisms respond actively to their environment. Most animals respond rapidly to environmental changes by making some sort of movement-exploring: fleeing， or even rolling into a ball. Plants respond more slowly but still actively: stems and leaves bend toward light， and roots grow downward. The capacity to respond to environmental stimuli is universal among living things.
Living organisms reproduce themselves. All living things must die sometimes，and if their kind is to continue， they must make copies of themselves before they die. This is reproduction. It is the process by which plants and animals give rise to offspring and which fundamentally consists of the segregation of a portion of the parental body by a sexual or an asexual process and its subsequent growth and differentiation into a new individual.
Living organisms evolve. Today’s organisms have arisen by evolution， the descent and modification of organism from more ancient forms of life. Evolution proceeds in such a way that living organisms and their components are well suited to their ways of life. Fish， earthworms， and frogs are all so constructed that we can predict roughly how they live merely by examining them. The adaptation of organisms to their environments is one result of evolution.
曹仪植，王子仁，曹依民，等，1998.生物学专业英语.兰州：兰州大学出版社:1-3.
刘彩云，赵光强，常志隆.2007.生物学专业英语教程.北京：科学出版社:10-11.
New Words and Expressions
bacteria [baek'tms] n. the simplest and smallest forms of life.细菌，病菌
protist f'proutist] n. any of a diverse taxonomic group and esp. a kingdom (Protista syn.) of eukaryotic organisms that are unicellular and sometimes colonial or less often multicellular and that typically include the protozoans， most algae， and often some lower fungi (as slime molds).原生生物 discrete [di'skri:t] adj. independent of other things of the same type.分立的，不连续的 reproduction [jriipra'dAkfn] n. the act or process of producing babies， young animals or plants.繁殖，生殖 metabolism [ms'tsebslizsm] n. the chemical processes in living things that change food， etc. into energy and materials for growth.新陈代谢 transformation [^aensfsr'meifn] n. a complete change in somebody/something.转化（作用），变换，转型 photosynthesis [^outou'smBssis] n. the process by which green plants turn carbon dioxide and water into food using energy obtained from light from the sun.光合作用 adenosine[3lden9sin] triphosphateftrai'fbs^eit]腺苷三磷酸（ATP)
starch [sta:rtj] n. a white carbohydrate food substance found in potatoes， flour， rice， etc; food containing this.淀粉
building block (儿童游戏用的）积木，构件，建筑砌块，基础材料
sexual f'sekjusl] adj. having or involving sex.性的，有性的
asexual [ei'sekfusl] adj. not involving sex; not having sexual organs.无性的
Unit 2 Test-tube Babies
Robert Edwards (Fig. 1) in collaboration with Patrick Steptoe in England， enabled the first birth of a baby by in vitro fertilization (IVF)， Louise Brown， in 1978. Their research had been considered controversial， and the birth was met with a mixture of surprise， excitement and dismay. As the title of this article by Edwards indicates， infants bom by IVF were almost immediately dubbed “test-tube babies，，，even though only the fertilization of the egg by sperm and very initial growth of the embryo were conducted “in glass”. Edwards implie
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