物流专业英语_唐连生_9787302466031

物流专业英语

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丛书名：全国高等院校物流专业创新应用型人才培养立体化系列教材

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    本书内容涉及物流管理的概率、运输、库存、仓储、供应链、电子商务外包、配送、国际物流、物流技术等物流专业基础知识。

　　在经济全球化和电子商务的双重推动下，物流业正在从传统物流向现代物流迅速转型。物流业是我国未来十年急需大力发展的重要行业之一。物流已被誉为“第三利润源泉”，受到国家的高度重视。物流专业英语作为连接国内外物流专业知识沟通的重要纽带，具有不可或缺的重要性。全球化趋势使得英语成为世界交流的主要语言工具，成为全球化下的国际经济行为语言媒介的一种工具。物流业也正在走向全球化，物流专业英语的应用与发展无疑会是推动物流经济发展的重要力量和完善国内物流管理体系的重要工具。我国物流专业英语人才的储备力量还比较薄弱，需要加大物流专业英语教学以及人才培养的力度。经济全球化使得物流活动区域日益增大，英语被运用到各个领域，商务谈判、合同签订、日常沟通、信息传递等各个环节都要用到物流专业英语。跨国公司遍布全球的商业活动尤为如此，对物流服务尤其是国际物流服务的要求更高，沟通是第一步，这就对物流从业人员的英语综合能力有了更高的要求。

　　本书是物流管理专业与物流工程专业本、专科生的专业英语教材，内容注重系统化、体系化，深入浅出，题材广泛，涉及物流专业的主要知识领域，专业性强，知识深度与广度较为适中。

　　本书共九章，每章包含两节相关内容的基础知识及较前沿的相关例文，使读者可以更好地了解相关的物流发展趋势。课后有相关习题，包括讨论题、填空题、选择题。讨论题的难度较低，学习完每课时后，要求有自己的认识和看法，并能用英语表达出来；填空题的难度适中，需要读者仔细阅读前面所给的文章，掌握物流专业英语词汇，并能熟练运用；选择题的难度较高，不仅仅局限于课本中的知识，还相应结合了课外的相关内容，需要读者去自行探索与学习。

　　本书内容涉及物流管理的概念、运输、库存、仓储、供应链、电子商务外包、配送、国际物流、物流技术等物流专业基础知识。

　　本书由宁波工程学院唐连生教授任主编，于兆宇（吉林铁道职业技术学院）、葛雪（宁波工程学院）、刘铁莉（宁波工程学院）任副主编。其中，唐连生负责第1章～第3章的编写，并负责统筹全稿；于兆宇负责第4章和第5章的编写；葛雪负责第6章和第7章的编写；刘铁莉负责第8章和第9章的编写。同时，本书的出版获得了宁波工程学院学术专著出版基金的资助和支持，在此表示衷心的感谢。另外，在本书的编写过程中也参考了国内外一些论著和教材，并已尽量在书后参考文献中列出，在此向这些作者表示感谢。

　　由于编者能力有限，书中难免会有疏漏和不足，望广大读者批评指正。

　　CHAPTER 3InventorySection 1Inventory and Cost Control〖*4/5〗BackgroundAccording to Chinas national standard terminology relating to logistics, the socalled logistics costs (Logistics Cost) refer to the physical cost of logistics activities by labor. According to the 1997 IMF statistics, Chinas logistics costs was the most highest. Logistics cost of United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, and Singapore as a proportion of GDP were 10.1%, 10.5%, 11.4%, 13.9%, while logistics costs as a proportion of GDP were 169% in mainland China, 13.7% in Hong Kong, 13.1% in Taiwan. High cost of logistics enterprises in China, also shows that Chinas logistics cost reduction has a lot of space. Variety of reasons lead to high cost of logistics enterprises in China, high inventory carrying cost of the enterprise. Therefore, inventory carrying costs is critical to reduce logistics costs.

　　Relationship of logistics cost and inventory

　　It is a very important means of reducing logistics costs and inventory carrying costs for almost all the industrial enterprises and logistics companies, namely by reducing raw materials, semifinished products and finished goods inventory levels.

　　Field logistics cost formula

　　It is generally speaking that a concept of the enterprise logistics costing formula is: total logistics costs (Total Logistics Costs) = transport costs (Transportation Cost) + inventory carrying costs (Inventory Carrying Cost) administrative costs + logistics (Logistics Administration Cost). It is empirically estimated, inventory holding cost is approximately the average inventory value of 25%. Administration of logistics cost accounting in General is determined by the experts based on the history of a fixed ratio multiplied by the sum of the inventory costs and transportation costs only. Such as the United States, logistics and administration costs, in proportion of the total cost of logistics in the 4% or so.[1]物流专业英语CHAPTER 3Inventory[3]Inventory logistics cost of bulrushes

　　In the course of business, consumption in the logistics business of includes explicit cost, implicit costs and logistics costs. Most of the explicit costs can be calculated through the original voucher. At present, enterprises strengthen the calculation of these costs, logistics cost accounting by controlling the intangible cost, and discussing its accounting standards and methods. Some enterprises are not fully aware of inventory cost structure, and enterprises even think more inventory, more security on enterprise production and management.

　　Industrial inventories remain high, slow cash flow

　　The speed of capital returning is a reflection of change in enterprise inventory, another manifestation of enterprise returning rate dropped is the rise in inventories. In 1990, the overall inventory of finished or prenatal reserve percentage is very high affected by the institutional, policy and all deviate from the circulation law of old practices resulting, too many delays in the production process. In recent years, huge stocks of industrial products is difficult to digest, much less new inventory increase. It shows that Chinese economy is slowing down with poor efficiency and low economic operation with the stock burden. Though Chinas inventory decline in space, the logistics industry has great potential.

　　Section 2Improvement of Inventory〖*4/5〗JIT—Best to reduce inventory cost management modeJIT is of great significance by raising the entire supply chain of the users response time, reducing the logistics cost of the supply chain, and implementing ondemand production on time. JIT is the most reasonable logistics to consider how to reduce inventory costs and shorten the period of logistics.

　　Reduce inventory cost

　　In order to meet the needs of users in a timely manner, supply chain management must be demanddriven. Vendors collect end consumer information of needs, through the network to transfer orders to manufacturers. Based on order production planning and material requirements for the planning and organization of production, manufacturers organizes production or supply after getting a manufacturers item requirement information over the network. The logistics network for transmission of information flow in the supply chain in accordance with the arrangement plan from the vendor supplier to manufacturers to suppliers. JIT ultimately reduce the cost of inventory throughout the supply chain, by the corresponding reducing supply chain inventory costs once scattered in different enterprises.

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