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实施家禽生产活动

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　　The word poultry applies to all domestic fowl raised for their eggs，meat or both.Poultry includes domestic chickens，turkeys，ducks，geese，guinea fowl，pheasants，quail and pigeons.Domestic chickens by far are the most popular poultry raised today.Poultry production has an important economic，social and cultural benefit and plays a significant role in family nutrition in the developing countries.Poultry contributes to improved human nutrition and food security and is a leading source of high quality protein in the form of eggs and meat.It serves as a key supplement to revenue from crops and other livestock enterprises.It has a high potential to generate foreign exchange earnings through export of poultry products to neighbouring countries.
　　Eggs and poultry meat are a substantial contributor in relieving the protein insufficiency in many African countries.Almost 80% of poultry production in Africa is found in the rural and peri-urban areas，where birds are raised in small numbers by the traditional extensive or semi-intensive-low-input-low-output systems.Similarly，village chicken production in Ethiopia represents a significant part of the national economy in general and the rural economy in particular and contributes about 90% and 92% of the national egg and poultry meat production respectively.The low productivity of local birds coupled with the infancy of the commercial sector （only contribute about 10% of the total poultry products） has resulted a low supply of poultry meat and eggs to the nation（Tadelle and Peters，2003） .In Ethiopia the annual growth rates in egg and meat outputs were estimated at 1.0% and 2.6% respectively as compared to other Sub-Saharan African countries （5.7% and 6.8%） .The national per capita consumption of egg is 57 eggs and that of chicken meat is 1.87 kg （Getenet et al.，2003）.
　　With the aim of improving poultry production and productivity，different exotic breeds of chickens have been imported and distributed to farmers and small-scale poultry producers by the government and different organizations （Solomon，2008） .However，this sector was faced with lack of improved management and facilities，shortage of feed in terms of quantity and quality，inadequate health program，limited records and information，inaccessible banking and market situation.Furthermore，lack of skilled man power in these areas is a real hindrance for the growth of the industry.TVET Training programmes in poultry management for secondary school graduates can go a long way in supplying these badly needed skills for the various integrated poultry operations.This student textbook is produced by senior instructors of Animal Science Department of Alage and Agarfa Agricultural Technical Vocational Education and Training Colleges（ATVET）.The textbook was given to Deans and Academic vice Deans of the colleges，instructors and professionals working in similar and related fields of study for further comments and review.Through all these processes and efforts we believed that we have done our best.
　　The performance of poultry production could be increased through the use of improved breeds and management，housing，proper feeding and health care，and appropriate recording system.Thus，the text book is intended to provide adequate information on the knowledge and skill to implement poultry production activities.

　Ethiopia is the second-most populous nation on the African continent and houses the headquarters of the African Union.With the agriculture and livestock sector playing a pivotal role in its national economy，Ethiopia boasts many advantages in developing agriculture，China and Ethiopia have established diplomatic relations for almost half a century.Building on the profound traditional friendship，the two countries have generated fruitful outcomes in cooperation in various fields.ln particular，China-Ethiopia agricultural cooperation is featured by many highlights as follows：
　　The China-Ethiopia Agricultural Technical Vocational Education and Training Program （the ATVET Program），as a key program in China-Ethiopia cooperation，was jointly launched by the Ministries of Agriculture of China and Ethiopia in 2001 and transformed into a foreign aid program of the Chinese government in 2012.Up to now，the Chinese government has dispatched 405 instructors in 16 batches to Ethiopia for the program.These Chinese instructors have devoted themselves to Ethiopia for 15 years.Stationed in 13 ATVET colleges，they have given lectures on 56 subjects in 5 disciplines，namely plant science，animal science，natural resources，veterinary science and agricultural cooperatives.Thanks to their dedication，2 100 local teachers，13 000 agricultural technicians and 39 000 students have been trained and imparted with over 70 practical and advanced technologies.These Chinese teachers also helped Ethiopia establish a tailor-made agricultural vocational education system.This program has won recognition from the Ministry of Agriculture of Ethiopia and the beneficiaries，the warm welcome by local students，teachers and farmers，and extensive coverage by Chinese and foreign core media.It is undoubtedly a role model of China's pro-Africa agricultural cooperation.
　　After years' of joint study and exploration，Chinese instructors and Ethiopian partners have realized that the absence of professional textbooks is a serious constraint to the sustainable development of Ethiopian agricultural vocational education system Therefore，the Chinese and Ethiopian governments attach great importance to the development of textbooks.The two countries conducted a range of studies and drafted a textbook compilation and publishing plan.According to the plan，the textbook series consist of 13 volumes，involving poultry production，animal health9 horticulture，small-scale irrigation，dairy production，apiculture，water and soil conservation，beef cattle，field crop，coffee，tea and spice crops，cotton，forestry，farm machinery，etc.Building upon the experience of the ATVET program and taking into account the practical demand of agricultural development in Ethiopia，the textbooks have summarized the advanced agricultural theories and technologies of China and will serve as practical guidance to more agricultural practitioners in Ethiopia.Authors of the textbooks are long-term practitioners in the ATVET program and have gone through rigorous review by the Leader Committee In order to make sure that the textbooks are localized and operable，authors have had thorough communication with the Ethiopian Ministry of Agriculture，received overall guidance from the Leader Committee and worked wholeheartedly to develop and revise each and every volume.
　　The publication of the textbooks have obtained strong support from the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture，Chinese Ministry of Commerce，Embassy of the People's Republic of China in Ethiopia，Ethiopian Ministry of Agriculture and relevant Ethiopian vocational education colleges.The textbooks will certainly provide effective means for the training of practical agricultural professionals in Ethiopia，promote the sustainable development of Ethiopian agricultural vocational education，and enhance the capacity and level of agricultural development in Ethiopia.
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